China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Psychiatry in contexts
Published in Gerrit Glas, Person-Centered Care in Psychiatry, 2019
Ad [c]. Socio-psychological and institutional factors codetermine the expression of mental disorder and the interpretation of its manifestations. Cultural factors influence how symptoms are shaped, profiled, and culturally coded. Cross-cultural psychiatry has taught important lessons about this shaping, profiling, and coding. Kleinman (1982), for instance, has shown that in many parts of Chinese society, the experience of depression is physical rather than psychological (see also Kleinman & Good 1985). Depressed Chinese people “do not report feeling sad, but rather express boredom, discomfort, feelings of inner pressure, and symptoms of pain, dizziness, and fatigue,” classical manifestations of what was once called neurasthenia. Chinese immigrants in the United States find the diagnosis of depression morally unacceptable and experientially meaningless (Kleinman 2004).
Russian Federation
Published in Dinesh Bhugra, Samson Tse, Roger Ng, Nori Takei, Routledge Handbook of Psychiatry in Asia, 2015
Valery Krasnov, Nikolay Bokhan
The problem of mental health care for indigenous populations in Siberia and the north requires the development of cross-cultural psychiatry, with an integrated understanding of the role of psychological issues, culture, religion, mythology, traditions and customs. Addiction psychiatry, psychology and psychotherapy are required. In particular, alcohol addiction is a problem. Alcohol use among the indigenous inhabitants of southern Siberia exceeds alcohol use by Caucasians living in the same region, as shown by long-term epidemiological investigations (Nikitin, 2007)
Why Psychiatry Needs the Anthropologist: A Reflection on 80 Years of Culture in Mental Health
Published in Psychiatry, 2019
Bonnie N. Kaiser, Brandon A. Kohrt
Also in the 1970s, the psychiatrist and anthropologist Arthur Kleinman (Kleinman, 1977) called for “a new cross-cultural psychiatry” to highlight the importance of culture for psychiatry. He established concepts such as explanatory models as a way for clinicians and anthropologists to understand illness experience and help-seeking, as well as the importance of the patient–healer relationship (Kleinman, 1980, 1988). Kleinman’s work earned the attention of the American Psychiatric Association, and the DSM-IV was the first use of the cultural formulation (Mezzich et al., 1999), which has continued through subsequent editions including the current DSM-5 (Lewis-Fernández et al., 2014). Kleinman’s anthropological critique of psychiatry has been echoed through other ethnographic studies, such as Of Two Minds, Tanya Luhrmann’s (Luhrmann, 2000) critique of biomedical psychiatry and its sidelining of psychotherapy. In Harmony of Illusions, Allan Young (Young, 1995) uses historical and ethnographic research to challenge the assumptions of the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder as it was introduced in DSM-III.
Differing Perspectives in Cross-Cultural Research
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2019
The methodological challenges faced by cultural psychiatry include the problems of achieving local validity and making meaningful cross-cultural comparisons (Kirmayer & Ban, 2013). These authors also speak to the choices of emic vs. etic approaches. Culturally valid measures must take into consideration local or emic constructs, including popular illness categories and idioms of distress. Identifying these idioms, constructs and categories involves ethnographic research using participant observation, in-depth interviewing and other qualitative methods to characterize the networks of meaning and modes of interpretation that constitute a cultural system of knowledge and practice. This type of research allows the clinician to understand the logic of another culture and can lead to methods of clinical assessment and treatment that make sense to patients and their families and that mobilize resources based on developmental experiences and community contexts. Staying entirely within the local or emic perspective, however, makes it difficult to compare cultures and recognize commonalities. To enable this comparison, researchers in cultural psychiatry typically use constructs and measures developed in Western (European and Euro-American) settings which they translate and attempt to validate across cultures. An important consideration for cross-cultural psychiatry is that the concepts and tools used in research need not come only from the globalized West. Local constructs from other traditions can be generalized in ways that allow them to be applied across cultures with the potential to shed new light on universal underlying processes (Kirmayer & Ban, 2013).