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Neurology in Documentaries
Published in Eelco F. M. Wijdicks, Neurocinema—The Sequel, 2022
Huntington’s disease is caused by the expansion of a trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) sequence on chromosome 4. This expansion within the Huntington gene results in an abnormally damaging protein. However, a positive test does not predict with 100% certainty that the disease will develop, because some patients with certain CAG lengths may be spared. Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that progresses over many years and includes the development of myoclonus, chorea, dystonia, and rigidity as well as irritability and psychosis. Eventually, it may also lead to obsessive-compulsive behavior and depression. Hypomania is well recognized in patients with Huntington’s disease. There are many medications that successfully mute the responses of these symptoms.
Summary of Hair Diseases: Cicatricial and Non-Cicatricial
Published in Rubina Alves, Ramon Grimalt, Techniques in the Evaluation and Management of Hair Diseases, 2021
Aurora Alessandrini, Bianca Maria Piraccini, Michela Starace
Pharmacologic medications include a modulator of the glutamate system, the N-acetylcysteine, which has demonstrated to be useful in the control of compulsive behavior in some patients. Clomipramine or olanzapine may also help controlling the symptoms [58]
Introduction to Geophagia
Published in Anil Gupta, Geophagia, 2019
Other workers have posited geophagia as a compulsive behavior that is a psychiatric disorder. A compulsive behavior involves an intense urge to perform an activity, unlike a habit, which happens subconsciously (Hawass et al. 1987; Ghorbani 2008; Ekosse and Junbam 2010).
Cybersex addiction in a gay man: a case report
Published in Journal of Addictive Diseases, 2021
Valentin Skryabin, Mikhail Zastrozhin, Egor Chumakov
To rate the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) was used. A total score was 23, which corresponds to a moderate obsessive-compulsive disorder. Time occupied by obsessive thoughts regarding masturbation and sex was moderate (1–3 hrs/day). The patient stated that those obsessive thoughts interfered with his personal, social, or work life substantially causing a severe distress. M. tried to resist the obsessive thoughts, but he realized that he wasn’t able to control them. The patient spent more time in compulsive behavior and experienced severe anxiety if he was prevented from performing that. He showed an insight into his problem, but recognized only little control over that. Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist revealed the presence of contamination, sexual, and miscellaneous obsessions, as well as checking compulsions.
Hippocampal functional network: The mediating role between obsession and anxiety in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Kun Li, Haisan Zhang, Bi Wang, Yongfeng Yang, Meng Zhang, Wenqiang Li, Xianrui Li, Luxian Lv, Jingping Zhao, Hongxing Zhang
The ACG has been suggested to be involved in motivation and conflict monitoring (Norman et al. 2019), regulation of emotion and social cognition (Campos et al. 2016). However, the functions of ACG were impaired in patients with OCD (Norman et al. 2019). Emerging new evidence has suggested that patients with OCD showed hyperactivation in the dorsal ACG during error processing task and hypoactivation in the ventral ACG during an inhibitory control task (Norman et al. 2019). Overactive error-processing function and defective inhibitory control mechanism may result in compulsive behaviour symptoms. However, excessive error-related activity in the ACG may indicate a stronger affective response to errors in patients with OCD (Grutzmann et al. 2016). Taken together, these results revealed that attention, error processing and inhibitory control dysfunction in the ACG are strongly associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and affective responses.
Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of severe intractable anorexia nervosa
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Michał Sobstyl, Angelika Stapińska-Syniec, Marlena Sokół-Szawłowska, Anna Kupryjaniuk
Due to the low rate of long-term treatment success, new treatment options are needed. Many patients with severe AN suffer from psychiatric comorbidities, including a high incidence of compulsive behaviour also seen in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and depressive disorder.1,3–5 Individuals with AN experience a disturbed sense of reward from weight loss and self-starvation. Anxiety-provoking factors in individuals with AN include thoughts about high caloric energy food intake. The compulsive pursuit of self-starvation and anxiety provoked by food intake in individuals with AN constitute a major barrier to treatment and concomitantly high relapse rates.1 If the disturbed reward mechanism and sensory processing underlying AN symptomatology could be normalized at the neuronal level using neuromodulation techniques such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), it would completely change the treatment of AN.1,4,5