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Behavioral Change
Published in James M. Rippe, Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
Recently, some elements of positive psychology have been utilized in lowering stress. Components of these therapies involve practicing gratitude and building a positive response. It is also important to help patients develop positive adaptive coping strategies. An effective strategy in this area is cognitive reappraisal as a component of cognitive therapy. This helps patients identify negative thoughts and behavior patterns and then change the negative and underlying beliefs to reflect more positivity while dealing with emotional stress.
Behavioral Approaches to Manage Stress
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Elise Loiselle, Darshan Mehta, Jacqueline Proszynski
The first step in using cognitive reappraisal is thinking of a situation or experience the patient deems as “stressful.” Then help them identify the emotions that they feel related to the stressor. Every negative emotion is linked to an underlying belief that the patient feels is true. For example, the underlying belief of anxiety is “I am not safe, I am not in control.” Once the emotions and underlying beliefs are identified, reappraisal of the stressor can begin by recognizing the maladaptive, negative emotions and beliefs and working to counteract them with a positive emotion. An example could be helping a patient feel acceptance, forgiveness, or surrender to the stressor. This helps them associate positive emotions with the stressor and in turn reinforces the positive underlying belief of that emotion, releasing the negative emotion and thought patterns related to the belief. This allows the patient to move forward, reframing their thoughts to be more positive, beneficial, or motivational. Understanding this basic structure can help providers to clearly explain this process to patients and ensure its benefit (see examples in Table 23.3). It is important to inform your patients that changes take time and that practicing these skills regularly will help them develop resilience over time. Tips to prescribe cognitive reappraisal to your patients can be found in Figure 23.14.
Resilience
Published in Adam Staten, Combatting Burnout, 2019
This is been described by Southwick and Charney as cognitive reappraisal. Cognitive reappraisal can come in a number of different forms. One potential area is in the shape of gratitude. Resilient people that have been through particularly traumatic events often then appreciate the things they still have. It is also suggested that humour is a form of cognitive reappraisal as it is a mechanism to help people reframe events and to face their fears and thus using humour can be a way to boost our resilience.
The psychological impact of the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: The moderating role of gender and emotion regulation
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Angelo Panno, Annalisa Theodorou, Chiara Massullo, Gregory N. Bratman, Claudio Imperatori, Giuseppe A. Carbone, James J. Gross
Based on previous work, researchers have identified two common emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, that can help explain differences in individuals’ life outcomes. Cognitive reappraisal is defined as the act of altering the way we think of a situation to change its emotional charge (e.g., from negative to positive). One may not pass an exam and see it as an opportunity to study the subject more rather than a personal failure. Expressive suppression is the inhibition of ongoing emotion-expressive behavior (e.g., inhibition of anger). For instance, a card player may maintain a “poker-face” while bluffing in order to inhibit occurring emotions. Scholars have confirmed that reappraisal is generally more beneficial than suppression as the former has been found by researchers to be associated with less stress while the latter was associated with more stress, anxiety, and posttraumatic and depressive symptoms in women exposed and not exposed to traumatic events (Moore et al., 2008). In a cross-cultural study, scholars found that reappraisal was associated with more positive and less negative affect and more life satisfaction, while suppression had the opposite effects (Haga et al., 2009). Based on these and other results, researchers were led to believe that, in general, reappraisal represents an adaptive strategy, whereas suppression represents a maladaptive one (Gross & John, 2003; Hu et al., 2014).
Regulate and Communicate: Associations between Emotion Regulation and Sexual Communication among Men with Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and their Partners
Published in The Journal of Sex Research, 2023
Grace A. Wang, Serena Corsini-Munt, Justin P. Dubé, Erin McClung, Natalie O. Rosen
Cognitive reappraisal involves reinterpreting an emotionally evocative situation in a way that alters its emotional meaning or impact, such as thinking about an emotional event in a more positive way to reduce negative emotion (Gross & John, 2003). Use of reappraisal has been associated with the experience of more positive and less negative emotion (e.g., Troy et al., 2018; Xu et al., 2020), more satisfying relationships (Mazzuca et al., 2019), and enhanced memory during emotionally provoking social interactions (Richards et al., 2003). In a study of couples navigating SIAD, greater use of reappraisal among women with SIAD was associated with fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety, and greater use of reappraisal by their male partners was linked to their own greater sexual desire, greater relationship satisfaction, lower depression and anxiety, and lower dyadic conflict (Dubé et al., 2019). Adopting a more positive view of the situation (e.g., thinking about the potential relationship benefits of sex such as intimacy as compared to the potential costs such as feelings of anxiety or guilt) may help men with HSDD and their partners mitigate distress associated with low desire and more directly and effectively communicate their sexual needs to one another.
The relationship between post-traumatic stress and negative emotions in patients with breast cancer: the mediating role of emotion regulation
Published in Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 2022
Shuai Teng, Miaomiao Wang, Bingxue Han, Yufeng Ma, He Du, Lili Ji, Xianglian Sun, Jinxia Liu, Qian Lu, Liping Jia, Guohua Lu
This study found that there was a significant positive correlation between post-traumatic stress and negative emotions. Patients with high post-traumatic stress tend to have stronger negative emotions, which was consistent with previous studies.18 Cognitive reappraisal has a significant negative predictive effect on patients’ negative emotional states, so patients who used cognitive reappraisal tended to have lower levels of depression and anxiety, suggesting better emotional well-being. Additionally, this study showed that expressive suppression had a significant positive predictive effect on patients’ negative emotional states, in that patients who were accustomed to adopting expressive suppression often experienced stronger negative emotions. Although expressive suppression has a short-term effect of reducing emotional intensity,42 it can lead to long-term adverse results.43 Therefore, expressive suppression is not suitable as an intervention method for patients with breast cancer who are experiencing a lot of intense, negative emotions.