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Dementia Overview
Published in Dawn Brooker, Sue Lillyman, Mary Bruce, Dementia Care, 2023
Dawn Brooker, Sue Lillyman, Mary Bruce
Dementia symptoms include changes in thinking abilities (cognitive functioning), such as: memory (disorientation and short-term recall)communication (receptive and expressive dysphasias)the ability to see the world as others do (visuo-spatial problems)the ability to carry out practical everyday tasks (dyspraxias)the ability to plan a course of action (dysexecutive syndrome)problems with social control of behaviours (disinhibition).
The Convergence of Digital Health Technologies: The Role of Digital Therapeutics in the Future Healthcare System
Published in Oleksandr Sverdlov, Joris van Dam, Digital Therapeutics, 2023
Joris van Dam, Justin Wright, Graham Jones
There is a dearth of available tools and interventions in the field of CNS illnesses, aside from physiologic symptoms with well-understood traits or post-mortem cranial analyses for disease-related pathologies. In this regard, digital endpoints and digital therapeutics could likely have a marked impact. While the purpose of a digital therapeutic (to intervene) is different from the purpose of a digital measurement or diagnostic (to assess), these technologies are poised for rapid convergence. First, the technical solutions are highly interconnected. An exercise assessment at a local gym can be easily extended into a personalized daily exercise routine to improve function. A measurement test for cognitive functioning can easily be expanded into a therapeutic intervention to train cognitive function. An exercise assessment at a local gym can be easily extended into a personalized daily exercise routine to improve function. A digital measurement application on a person's smartphone that assesses mood from voice modulations can easily trigger intervention from a digital therapeutic app delivering cognitive behavioral therapy. And technically, digital therapeutic applications can be easily loaded as firmware on any digital measurement device. E.g., a pill-dispensing device that also provides medication management support. Digital endpoints for early diagnosis appear to be exceptionally well suited to trigger digital therapeutics for early preventive care.
Young onset dementia − challenges in nomenclature and clinical definitions
Published in Marjolein de Vugt, Janet Carter, Understanding Young Onset Dementia, 2021
Dennis van de Veen, Christian Bakker, Tor Rosness, Raymond Koopmans
For instance, Davies et al. (2011), in their review, discuss depression as a possible cause or mediating factor in young onset dementia. In their opinion, a wide variety of neurological and general medical conditions may eventually cause dementia, including depression. Depression is known to be related to a depressed mood, diminished interest in surroundings or pleasure in activities and negative thoughts such as guilt. A decrease in cognitive functioning can often be present as well, as there is a loss of energy and (thinking) speed and attention deficits occur, which causes memory problems (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A severe or chronic depression, especially when treatment is not effective, might cause lasting and perhaps progressive cognitive disorders (Bennett & Thomas, 2014). On the other hand, dementia can cause neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression. Especially when a proper diagnosis is lacking, it is difficult to separate depressive symptoms from dementia symptoms and to distinguish cause from effect (Liebson et al., 2005).
Improvements of substance use disorder treatment and the impact of traumatic experiences
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Tone Helene Bergly, Mikael Julius Sømhovd
Cognitive functioning can influence the benefit of treatment. Patients undergoing SUD treatment have high rates of mild cognitive impairment (Manning et al., 2017). When adjusted for normal age-related decline in cognitive functioning, the rate of mild cognitive deficits is larger in this population than in the general population (Copersino et al., 2009). Past research shows a correlation between cognitive deficits and treatment retention (Aharonovich et al., 2006). Long-term consumption of certain substances can lead to cognitive deficits, and further influence the psychological well-being of patients (Vicario et al., 2020). Earlier research has found evidence of a relationship between traumatic experiences in childhood and cognitive deficits in adulthood (Anda et al., 2006; Majer et al., 2010).
A systematic review of psychosocial interventions for older adults living with HIV
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Amir Bhochhibhoya, Sayward Harrison, Stephanie Yonce, Daniela B. Friedman, Pragya Sharma Ghimire, Xiaoming Li
Of the eight studies that measured depression, five studies suggested that the interventions yielded significant improvement (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was reported in two studies (Ownby & Acevedo, 2016; Veeravelli et al., 2016), and one study measured depression at baseline only (Frain & Chen, 2018). Similarly, two studies suggested significant (p < 0.05) reduction in stressor burden among treatment participants compared to control group (Heckman et al., 2001, 2006). The studies that measured social support suggested intervention helped to enhance the social support among participants (Brennan-Ing et al., 2017; Heckman et al., 2001). Also, one study suggested a marginal improvement in the quality of life (Heckman et al., 2001) but another study reported significant (p < 0.05) improvement in the quality of life compared to control group (Shah et al., 2016). The studies that intervened to improve cognitive functioning reported improvement on cognitive functioning including learning and memory (Frain & Chen, 2018; Ownby & Acevedo, 2016).
Heightening our vigilance towards patient well-being
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
John Greer Clark, Kristina M. English, Joseph J. Montano
The prevalence of both hearing loss and dementia increases with age, a coexistence that leads to significant challenges for patients, families and audiologists (Cacace 2007). Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency with over 50 million cases of dementia worldwide increasing by nearly 10 million new cases each year (World Health Organization 2019). The decreased cognitive functioning of dementia is often accompanied by deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour or motivation (World Health Organization 2019). Affecting cognitive brain functions of language, memory, perception and thought to an extent that it adversely impacts activities of daily living (see Table 2), dementia is misunderstood by many, frequently consciously hidden from others, and often underreported (World Health Organization 2015). To facilitate open discussion of concerns of dementia onset, audiologists should consider including a dementia screening question within their case history (Armero et al. 2017).