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Decision making in later life
Published in Rebecca Allwood, Working with Communication and Swallowing Difficulties in Older Adults, 2022
Mental capacity for specific decisions is decided on the basis of cognitive ability. Although it is understood that communication impairment can occur independently of a cognitive impairment, it can nevertheless be difficult to assess pure cognitive ability without accessing communication channels. Cognitive assessments tend to involve language-based questions, and verbal expression is a way of demonstrating the level of underlying cognitive processes.
Dementia
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
People should be involved in decisions about their care, communication should be modified to enable this where possible.28 Cognitive stimulation therapy (engaging in activities and discussions, usually in a group, with the aim of improving cognitive and social functioning), reminiscence therapy and cognitive rehabilitation to support functional ability should be offered to people with mild to moderate dementia.28 There is some evidence that cognitive training may be beneficial in improving cognitive ability and physical functioning in older adults.94
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegeneration and Protection by Antioxidants
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Neurodegeneration refers to the disease condition in which certain neuronal groups in the brain and spinal cord, such as neurons related to cognitive functions and cells related to motor functions, lose their structure and function and gradually die. Unfortunately, the root cause of this is not yet known mainly because the type of neuron cells that degenerate depends on the disease type. These types can be divided broadly into the following categories: Disease syndromes that prevent fine motor movements: PD and Parkinsonian syndrome (multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, etc.)Disease syndromes that make it difficult to maintain the balance of the body: Spinocerebellar degeneration, some spastic paraplegia, etc.Disease syndromes that decrease muscle strength: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), etc.Disease syndromes that decrease cognitive ability: AD, Lewy body dementia, basal ganglia degeneration, etc.
To explore the change of motor cognitive function in pituitary tumor rats after operation
Published in Computer Assisted Surgery, 2023
Hu Chang-Wei, Ya-Bing Li, Xiao-Yong Han, Gang-Feng Yin, Xi-Rui Wang
The cognitive function of pituitary tumor patients is generally impaired, which is manifested in many aspects. The reason for cognitive decline in patients with pituitary tumor are not only the compression of peripheral brain tissue structure by tumor and high hormone levels, which can damage the brain tissue structure and cause cognitive impairment of patients [7]. Surgery is also considered to be one of the factors leading to cognitive impairment in patients with pituitary tumor [8,9]. The treatment of pituitary tumor includes surgery, radiotherapy, drug therapy and other comprehensive treatments. However, surgery is still the main treatment for pituitary adenoma [10,11]. The surgical methods of pituitary adenoma are changing all the time, which is also a reflection of the development of surgical techniques. At present, according to the researches, even if we achieved very good treatment of pituitary adenoma patients (including total excision of the tumor, hormone level disorder completely or mostly improved, eased symptoms caused by tumor), in the long term run, patients’ cognitive function still reflects obvious damage symptom compared with normal people [12]. There are many factors that cause cognitive impairment in patients after treatment, and some studies suggest that the treatment process is often one of the factors that cause cognitive ability decline in patients [13].
Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for “Non-Medical” Traits: Ensuring Consistency in Ethical Decision-Making
Published in The American Journal of Bioethics, 2023
Hilary Bowman-Smart, Christopher Gyngell, Cara Mand, David J. Amor, Martin B. Delatycki, Julian Savulescu
There are two further important features of 47,XXX that make it relevant to our discussion. First, it has a mild enough symptom profile that the impact is often sub-clinical, although of course sometimes it will be clinical. Second, some parents nonetheless use this information to make a particular reproductive choice (selective TOP). What is it about 47,XXX that leads parents to make these decisions? One trait that may provide a reason is the likely negative impact on cognitive ability. If this is the case, parents may be proceeding from one of two reasons: first, that the average impact of 47,XXX on cognitive ability, even if it does not result in intellectual disability, is undesired; or second, that the parents have a low tolerance for increasing the risk of intellectual disability. It may also be a combination of these two reasons. It is also possible that the risk of psychiatric disorder or increased height motivates some choices, but it is unlikely that they are the main reasons in all choices.
Neurocognitive and radiological changes after cranial radiation therapy in humans and rodents: a systematic review
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Whitney D. Perez, Carlos J. Perez-Torres
An additional suggestion for future research is to create a protocol of standardized assessments in order to maintain reproducible results in multi-center clinical trials of RIBI therapeutics. Our systematic review shows there are many successful methods to assess impairment within a neurocognitive domain: 5 different tests identified language impairment, 9 for executive function, 13 for learning and memory, 9 for complex attention, 6 for perceptual-motor function, and 11 for general cognitive ability. While this diversity in assessment type allows for different facets of cognitive impairment to be measured and analyzed, it also creates issues in maintaining consistency within the field of RIBI. Along with standardization, it is also important that these assessments accommodate the practicalities of clinical follow-up procedures. For instance, these evaluations should be simple without sacrificing sensitivity and able to be quickly performed by non-specialists (Durand et al. 2015).