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Descriptive and Psychodynamic Psychopathology EMIs
Published in Michael Reilly, Bangaru Raju, Extended Matching Items for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Akinetic mutism.Automatism.Clouding of consciousness.Drowsiness.Locked-in syndrome.Mania à potu.Oneiroid state.Twilight state.
Paper 4: Answers
Published in Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar, Practice Examination Papers for the MRCPsych Part 1, 2018
Sabina Burza, Beata Mougey, Srinivas Perecherla, Nakul Talwar
False. Clouding of consciousness does occur. Epileptic automatisms are actions that an individual is unaware of performing during or after an epileptic fit (e.g. lip smacking). Muscle tone and posture are retained, and there is amnesia for the event. They are most commonly seen in temporal lobe epilepsy. (13: p.47)
Assessment of Cognitive Function in Cancer Patients
Published in David M. Dush, Barrie R. Cassileth, Dennis C. Turk, Psychosocial Assessment in Terminal Care, 2014
Thomas E. Oxman, Paula P. Schnurr, Peter M. Silberfarb
The diagnostic criteria for delirium incorporated in DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) are the following: Clouding of consciousness, defined as reduced clarity of awareness of the environment associated with reduced capacity to shift, focus and sustain attention;At least 2 of following: perceptual disturbance, speech that is incoherent at times, disturbance of sleep-wakefulness cycle, increased or decreased psychomotor activity;Disorientation and memory impairment, if testable;Clinical features that develop over hours to days and fluctuate;Evidence from history, physical, or laboratory tests of a specific factor judged etiological.
Systematic Review of Psychometric Instruments Used in Research with Psychedelics
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2023
Alexandre Augusto de Deus Pontual, H. G. Senhorini, C. M. Corradi-Webster, L. F. Tófoli, D. Daldegan-Bueno
The combination of OAV (66 items and 3 primary factors) with BETA (28 items and two factors) set up the 5 Dimension Altered State of Consciousness (5D-ASC), a scale of 94 items with visual analog responses and five dimensions. These are: (1) oceanic boundlessness, measuring positively experienced depersonalization, experience of unity and deeply positive mood; (2) dread of ego dissolution, measuring negatively experienced depersonalization, cognitive disturbance, and loss of control; (3) visionary restructuralization, measuring visual alterations (e.g., illusion and pseudo-hallucination) and changes in the meaning of percepts; (4) auditory alterations, measuring acoustic alterations; and (5) vigilance reduction, measuring clouding of consciousness and reduction of vigilance (Studerus, Gamma, and Vollenweider 2010). Other psychometric analysis with the original OAV using data from experimental studies with psilocybin, ketamine and MDMA found 11 factors: experience of unity, spiritual experience, blissful state, insightfulness, disembodiment, impaired control and cognition, anxiety, complex imagery, elementary imagery, audio-visual synesthesia and changed meaning of percepts. The remaining 5D-ASC questions (i.e., BETA questions) still have no publications on their psychometric properties.
Dissociative Trance Disorder Among Adolescents
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2022
Several investigators have reported psychophysical symptoms and behaviors that have occurred before, during and after DTD attacks. Van Duijl et al. (2013) reported that before the actual possession state, adolescents hear voices and have strange dreams, are restless, unable to speak, forgetful, see things differently, and scream. During possession, alterations in behavior and consciousness were sometimes demonstrated by talking in a different voice, feeling paralyzed, shaking, glossolalia, or making animal sounds, fugues, amnesia, and a sense of being controlled by alien entities (Van Duijl et al., 2013). In addition, individuals with DTD can speak in different voices, hear voices, and experience amnesia or change of consciousness (Van Duijl et al., 2013). Bhavsar et al. (2016) found persons experienced time-limited disruptions of consciousness, memory, spatial awareness, alienated personality, speech profanity, and clouding of consciousness. Furthermore, individuals experienced heavy breathing, shaking of the body, swinging back and forth with the eyes closed, then opening the eyes and being silent, and ending with a tremor of the body, greeting everyone, and asking what the spirits said (Delmonte et al., 2016).
Recent developments in vaccines and biological therapies against Japanese encephalitis virus
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2018
More than 75% of JEV infections occur in children living in rural areas [2]; however, peri-urban and urban transmission is also reported [13,14]. Most JEV infections are asymptomatic or characterized by a mild febrile illness, while only 0.1–1% of infections result in encephalitis [15]. After an incubation period of 5–15 days, the disease starts with a febrile illness, headache, and malaise [16]. About 20–30% of patients with symptoms may develop neurological signs, such as rigor, convulsions, and clouding of consciousness [17,18]. In patients with encephalitis, including travelers, the case fatality rate is about 20–30% [19] and approximately 30–50% of those who survive have long-term neurologic sequelae, such as hemiparesis, deafness, mental disorientation, and mental retardation [20–22]. Young and old age, immunodeficiency, and conditions that may alter the blood–brain barrier (BBB) represent risk factors for neuroinvasive disease.