China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
This toxin is concentrated in the ovaries of the puffer fish which is carefully prepared and consumed as a delicacy in Japan. People digesting the toxin develop circumoral paresthesia, numbness of the limbs and tongue, rapidly deteriorating to progressive paralysis. Tetrodotoxin blocks sodium channels resulting in a failure of neuronal transmission. Saxitoxin is the toxic principle found in the Alaskan butter clam Saxidomas giganteus. It is produced by the marine plankton Gonyaulax catenella and G. tamarensis. It has similar action to tetrodotoxin,322,510,523 and impairs impulse conduction. Blockade of the sodium channels prevents the development of inward currents leading to conduction failure.105,294,495
Standards for Personnel Performing Hemapheresis Therapies
Published in James L. MacPherson, Duke O. Kasprisin, Therapeutic Hemapheresis, 2019
Hemapheresis is an intensive, invasive clinical procedure with not well delineated and documented side effects. Adverse reactions can range from mild circumoral paresthesia to severe cardiac arrhythmias or arrest. The physician should be immediately available to the unit to manage the worse case situation, viz., cardiac arrest. Assuming the technical staff is skilled in CPR, the attending physician should be on site and available with 3 to 5 min notice.
Ciguatera: A Treating Physician's Perspective on a Global Illness
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Ritchie C. Shoemaker, James C. Ryan
Neurologic symptoms were densely present, with extremity paresthesia, circumoral paresthesia, and reversal of hot/cold each seen in nearly 90% of cases. Muscle aching was seen in 80%, but gastrointestinal symptoms were much reduced compared to other reports (diarrhea 75%, nausea 45%, and vomiting 35%). Fatigue (“asthenia”) was reported in 60%, itching 45%, and headache 60%. Abdominal pain was only reported by 45%. Sweats were noted in 35%. Ominously, paresis was seen in 10%.
Recent advances in nanoformulation development of Ritonavir, a key protease inhibitor used in the treatment of HIV-AIDS
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Srinivas Reddy Jitta, Navya Ajitkumar Bhaskaran, Shirleen Miriam Marques, Lalit Kumar
The preliminary studies conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ritonavir revealed its potential antiviral activity with minimal side effects that include diarrhea and nausea. A reversible elevation in serum g-glutamyl transferase and triglyceride levels were also reported as common frequent laboratory abnormalities [58]. Further, in a short-term study of pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of Ritonavir in humans, it was reported that Ritonavir showed a significant effect in increasing CD4+ count and reduced viral RNA copies count in patients during the first four weeks of the treatment. However, adverse effects such as elevated aminotransferase and triglycerides were reported, along with nausea and circumoral paresthesia. Further, a dose-dependent increase in triglycerides concentration was reported, and its mechanism is unclear [59].