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Assessment of Chronic Pain Patients
Published in Andrea Kohn Maikovich-Fong, Handbook of Psychosocial Interventions for Chronic Pain, 2019
The emotional functioning domain for children with chronic or recurrent pain typically refers to depression and anxiety, which are often related. Both depression and anxiety symptoms are found to be elevated in children with chronic or recurrent pain, but often do not reach clinical levels (Larsson, 1991; McGrath et al., 2008). There are a number of well-established measures for child and adolescent depression and anxiety, including the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1981) (used with children ages 7–17 years) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL; Achenbach, 1991). Additionally, the Ped-IMMPACT group (McGrath et al., 2008) recommends the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS; Chorpita et al., 2000), which can be used to measure depression and anxiety as separate dimensions, or combined to measure negative affect. As noted above, use of the PedsQL (Varni et al., 1999) can be used to assess emotional functioning in younger children.
Adolescent depression
Published in MS Thambirajah, Case Studies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
Several rating scales, such as Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI, Kovacs, 1992), and Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (Angold et al., 1995), have been designed to assess depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. The CDI is a self-rating scale consisting of 24 items marked on a Likert Scale, ranging from ‘Never’ to ‘All the time’. It should be noted that high scores on these scales do not necessarily indicate that the young person has clinical depression. Because of their low specificity, these scales are not useful for diagnosing clinical depression but can be used to screen for symptoms, to assess the severity of depressive symptoms and to monitor clinical improvement.
The Exercise Effect on Mental Health in Children and Adolescents
Published in Henning Budde, Mirko Wegner, The Exercise Effect on Mental Health, 2018
Obese children and adolescents (N = 81) aged between 11 and 16 years were the focus in a RCT conducted by Daley, Copeland, Wright, Roalfe, and Wales (2006). Participants were assigned to one of three experimental groups (exercise therapy, equal-contact exercise placebo intervention, usual care) for a 6-week program. Although participants’ self-perceptions changed significantly over the course of the exercise program, the authors could not find significant effects on participants’ scores in the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) (Kovacs 2005) after 8, 14, and 28 weeks although the experimental exercise group consistently scored lower in the CDI on a descriptive level.
Quality of life of children with allergic disease: the effect of depression and anxiety of children and their mothers
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Sehra Birgül Batmaz,, Gülnihal Birinci,, Esma Akpınar Aslan,
Patients were asked to complete the QoL scale for children, trait anxiety scale for children, and depression scale for children. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory was used to evaluate the QoL of the patients. The inventory consists of 23 items grouped into four different areas of functioning, i.e. physical health, psychological well-being, social functioning, and school performance. The total score of the inventory, score of the physical health component, consisting of the physical health items, and score of the psychosocial well-being component, consisting of the scores of the psychological well-being, social functioning, and school performance items, may be computed. The patients score the items of the inventory ranging from 0 to 100, where almost always = 0, and almost never = 100. Higher scores on this inventory correspond to better QoL. The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory has been shown to be a valid and reliable inventory (23). The Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children is a self-report tool used to measure the level of anxiety in children, with higher scores indicative of more severe anxiety. It consists of 20 items scored from 1 = almost never to 3 = frequently, with a maximum score of 60. No items are reversely scored, and the inventory does not have any subscales (24). On the self-report Children’s Depression Inventory, higher scores are indicative of more severe depression. This is a 27-item scale with items scored from 0 to 2. A maximum score of 54 might be obtained from this inventory. There are no reversely scored items, and the inventory has no subscales (25). The validity and reliability of all of these three tools in the Turkish context have been established (26–29).
Multivariate Base Rates of Low Scores on Tests of Learning and Memory among Spanish-Speaking Children
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2020
Itziar Benito-Sánchez, Melissa M. Ertl, Rosario Ferrer-Cascales, Javier Oltra-Cucarella, Joaquín A. Ibáñez-Alfonso, Mahia Saracostti Schwartzman, Marcio Soto-Añari, Natalia Cadavid- Ruiz, Alberto Rodríguez-Lorenzana, Diego Rivera, Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla
To be eligible for study participation, participants had to meet the following requirements: a) being between 6 and 17 years old, b) being born and currently living in the country where the protocol was administered, c) having Spanish as primary language, d) having an Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of ≥80 according to the Test of Non-Verbal Intelligence (TONI-2; Brown, Sherbenou, & Johnsen, 2009), e) having a score of <19 on the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992), and f) being enrolled in a regular private or public school.
The impact of discomfort with HIV status and hopelessness on depressive symptoms among adolescents living with HIV in Uganda
Published in AIDS Care, 2021
Patricia Cavazos-Rehg, Christine Xu, Jacob Borodovsky, Erin Kasson, William Byansi, Proscovia Nabunya, Ozge Sensoy Bahar, Fred M. Ssewamala
Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 14-item Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) (Traube et al., 2010). Each CDI item has three response options that correspond to varying levels of depression symptomatology (Kovacs, 2014). The theoretical score ranged from 0 to 28, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms. There is no literature or ‘rule of thumb’ on the specific cutoffs when one uses the 14-item scale, therefore, our team decided to use the mean as a cutoff. This scale has been used in Uganda (Kagotho et al., 2018).