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Autoimmune Disease
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Nanette Morales, Jessica Landry, Christy McDonald Lenahan, Janine Santora
A meta-analysis by Baumeister et al. (2015) examined the impact of childhood trauma and its influence on adult inflammation. Childhood trauma can include neglect, separation from caregivers, physical abuse, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is a powerful regulator of inflammation. Pro-inflammatory markers CRP, IL6, and TNF-a have been found to be increased in adults who have experienced childhood trauma. An increase in pro-inflammatory markers can cause inflammation and dysregulation of the inflammatory system. The meta-analysis examined 25 studies with a total sample of 16,870 study participants (Baumeister et al., 2015). The meta-analysis revealed strong evidence linking childhood trauma to dysregulation of the inflammatory system, which increases the risk of multiple adverse health conditions in adulthood, including psychiatric disorders and chronic disease.
Trauma, PTSD, Substance Use, and Neuroscience
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tom Alexander, Mary C. Hoke, Karlene Barrett, Tricia L. Chandler
For obvious reasons, the original research by Felitti et al. (1998) did not include other possible experiences of childhood trauma, such as those occurring in a social context outside the home. The impact of poverty, ethnic identity, socioeconomic status, and demographic challenges also factors into how children experience trauma and their access to quality treatment and support. This emphasizes the need to expand our understanding and definition of childhood trauma. One framework is complex trauma, which begins in childhood and, like ACE, has a potentially lifelong impact on physical and mental health as well as the individual’s trajectory for social, educational, and economic well-being (Felitti et al., 1998). McLaughlin (2017) has expanded the framework for evaluating trauma and its effects with a model that consolidates research and identifies high/low threat and deprivation factors. This approach differentiates the functions of deprivation (neglect, abandonment) and threat (violence, abuse) and addresses the role of poverty and other social variables. The high frequency of childhood trauma combined with the potential lifelong negative mental and physical health outcomes create a significant public health problem. The need to address childhood trauma is urgent.
The Family Context
Published in Gerry R. Cox, Neil Thompson, Death and Dying, 2020
Yet another example would be a child traumatized by abuse and all the associated losses adopting an abusive parenting style when they become a parent some years later (Thompson & Walsh, 2019). Likewise, there is now a growing recognition that a significant contributory factor to mental health in adulthood is childhood trauma experiences – what are often referred to now as adverse childhood experiences or ACEs (Waite & Ryan, 2020). Such mental health problems will often be a major source of stress in families, particularly at times when feelings are running high, which would include times associated with dying or bereavement, of course.
Childhood Trauma and Substance Use Treatment Length of Stay and Completion
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
To address these limitations, we suggest that researchers consider examining the relationship between childhood trauma and substance use treatment outcomes using original data. Clinical data mining has many strengths, but the richness of data can be minimized. Rather, using original data from researchers can ensure the quality of data is increased, allowing researchers to gather more information. Researchers may want to evaluate different sources of childhood trauma in clients, along with the age at which clients experienced the trauma. This information can provide more useful results and reveal more about childhood trauma. Additionally, gathering data from multiple sources such as family members and friends can help produce more reliable data, rather than relying on client self-reports.
Intergenerational Continuity of Child Sexual Abuse: Comparison of Mother and Emerging Adult Dyads
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2023
Carley Marshall, Mylène Fernet, Rachel Langevin
Childhood trauma is an experience that has lasting and substantial psychosocial and somatic impacts on a child including on school functioning (e.g., lower grades, educational attainment; Mitchell et al., 2021), attachment styles (C. Cyr et al., 2010), and emotion regulation (Langevin et al., 2020). Mental health problems, such as symptoms of anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and post-traumatic stress are common following CSA (Gardner et al., 2019; Langevin et al., 2022). These symptoms, especially if intervention and support are not received, may set children on a challenging developmental trajectory, characterized by a risk for sexual assault revictimization (Papalia et al., 2021) and dysfunctions in adulthood (Noll, 2021). These paths may result in a cycle of maltreatment that can be difficult for child maltreatment survivors to break, and the long-term ramifications of a parent’s experience of CSA may implicate their children.
Examination of the indirect effect of childhood emotional trauma on internalizing symptoms through distress intolerance
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Min-Jeong Yang, Vyom Sawhney, R. Kathryn McHugh, Teresa M. Leyro
Early childhood trauma is prospectively linked to an increased risk for the development of symptoms of psychological disorders, including anxiety and depression.5 We hypothesized that the relation between childhood emotional abuse and both general and specific anxiety/depression symptoms would be mediated by DI. A latent DI variable was created by entering three indicators (i.e., ASI-III, DTS, and FDS-EI) in the SEM model. Results replicated previous findings suggesting that childhood emotional abuse and DI are both associated with anxiety and depression. Furthermore, consistent with our hypotheses, DI mediated the association between childhood emotional abuse and anxiety/depression, expanding upon previous studies on the relation between childhood emotional abuse and internalizing symptoms5,7 by identifying DI as a potential mediator of this relationship. The effect sizes of the observed indirect effect ranged from medium to large.