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Forensic Assessment
Published in Louis B. Schlesinger, Sexual Murder, 2021
As part of their test battery, psychologists, particularly forensic psychologists, also use various personality inventories, including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI/MMPI-2), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI/MCMI-2-4). These inventories, unlike the projective techniques, are highly standardized and have been empirically validated as instruments for assessing personality traits and characteristics and for providing a general personality profile of the subject. In addition, psychologists sometimes use more specialized instruments such as the Psychopathy Checklist and the Structured Clinical Interview from DSM-5. Although these instruments lack the clinical richness of the projectives, they have proved useful in studies of various types of criminal behavior, including homicide (e.g., Fraboni, Cooper, Reed, and Saltstone, 1990; Hare et al., 1990; Holcomb, Adams, and Ponder, 1985; Kalichman, 1988); but few such studies have involved sexual murderers.
Psychodiagnostics
Published in Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé, Psychiatric Aspects of Opiate Dependence, 2019
Albert A. Kurland, S. Joseph Mulé
From the expanding array of personality tests, only a few are selected from those most frequently applied in the study of the narcotic addict: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)Cattell 16 Personality Factors (16 PF)California Psychological Inventory (CPI)Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI)Edwards Personality Preference Schedule
PSYCHOLOGICAL MINDEDNESS, ATTITUDES TOWARD HYPNOSIS, AND EXPECTANCY AS CORRELATES OF HYPNOTIZABILITY
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
Lauren L. Koep, Mattie L. Biggs, Joshua R. Rhodes, Gary R. Elkins
There has been one previous study with regard to psychological mindedness and hypnotizability. McKnight (1980) provided an early investigation of personality correlates and hypnotizability. In his study, 100 undergraduate volunteers were administered the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (Shor & Orne, 1962) in groups of 20 to 30 via a public address system in classrooms. Subsequently, the complete California Psychological Inventory (Gough, 1956) was administered. However, the impersonal group setting in which the hypnotizability scale was administered during this study prevented researchers from closely observing participants’ responses to the items on the scales and collecting qualitative data. Additionally, the personality inventory was administered to participants after the hypnotic induction, potentially affecting their responses to the California Psychological Inventory. Furthermore, the measure of psychological mindedness utilized by McKnight does not accurately represent current definitions of this concept.
Intellectual characteristics using WISC-IV in children with myelomeningocele
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Hiroshi Mano, Kazuharu Takikawa, Nobuhiko Haga
Wechsler scales are intelligence tests commonly used worldwide, and standardised Japanese versions are often used in Japan. For children, the newest version used in Japan is the WISC—Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) (Wechsler, 2010a, 2010b, 2014). The WISC-III newly introduced a General Ability Index (GAI) (Raiford, Weiss, & Rolfhus et al., 2005) and the WISC-IV a Cognitive Proficiency Index (CPI) (Weiss & Gabel, 2008). WISC-IV provides four index scores: Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI). The GAI, which is calculated from the scores of VCI and PRI, provides the practitioner with a summary score that is less sensitive to the influence of working memory and processing speed than FSIQ. The CPI, which is calculated from the scores of WMI and PSI, represents a set of functions whose common element is the proficiency with which a person processes certain types of cognitive information. The FSIQ is calculated from all four index scores. Children with learning disabilities or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have higher GAI than FSIQ in more than 70% of cases (Raiford et al., 2005). The GAI is reported to be higher than the CPI in children with brain tumours (Kahalley, Winter-Greenberg, & Stancel et al., 2016), learning disabilities (Cornoldi, Giofre, Orsini, & Pezzuti, 2014; Poletti, 2016), and ADHD (Devena & Watkins, 2012). To the best of our knowledge, WISC profile characteristics including the GAI and CPI in children with spina bifida are unknown.
The Indirect Relationship between Interpersonal Trauma History and Alcohol Use via Negative Cognitions in a Multisite Alcohol Treatment Sample
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2020
Kathryn Fokas, Charles S. H. Robinson, Katie Witkiewitz, Barbara S. McCrady, Elizabeth A. Yeater
The negative cognitions latent variable consisted of five items from the California Psychological Inventory-Socialization scale (CPI-Soc; Gough, 1994), a 46-item self-report measure of socialization problems. The CPI-Soc has shown evidence of good internal consistency reliability, concurrent validity, and discriminant validity (Kadden, Litt, Donovan, & Cooney, 1996); internal consistency reliability in Project MATCH was α = .80. Items were selected based on their overlap with the theoretical paradigms of Janoff-Bulman (1989) and Resick et al. (2016). The selected items were the following: “With things going as they are, it’s pretty hard to keep up hope of amounting to something” (item 5), “I have had more than my share of things to worry about” (item 13), “Life usually hands me a pretty raw deal” (item 35), “People often talk about me behind my back” (item 36), and “A person is better off if he doesn’t trust anyone” (item 46). Items were endorsed as 1 = true or 2 = false so that higher scores indicated more positive cognitions. These five items previously grouped together in a principal components analysis based on the Project MATCH sample (Kadden et al., 1996). In the present study, the five items were conceptualized as mapping onto Janoff-Bulman’s (1989) assumptive world theory factors of self-controllability (item 5), luck (items 13 and 35), and benevolence of people (items 36 and 46) in addition to Resick et al.'s (2016) CPT themes of power/control (item 5), safety (items 13 and 35), and trust (items 36 and 46). An independent samples t-test showed that participants with an interpersonal trauma history, as indicated by endorsement of physical abuse and/or sexual abuse on the ASI (n = 666, 38.63%), had a more negative average score on these five items than participants without an interpersonal trauma history: t(1704) = − 6.396, p < .001. The CPI-Soc was administered only at baseline.