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The Effects of Pollution, Toxins, and Diet on Behavior
Published in Gail S. Anderson, Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior, 2019
Many studies of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acid have been conducted. In a randomized double-blind study of people in the general population, 194 French participants between 18 and 45 years old were separated into two groups. One received omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for 6 weeks and the other received a placebo.130 Self-reported aggression, using the physical aggression subscale of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, was assessed before and after the trial. The results showed that self-reported aggression decreased significantly from baseline in the supplemented group, showing a decrease in aggression in relation to an increase in omega-3 fatty acids.130
Assessment of Substance Use Disorders in Individuals with PTSD
Published in Anka A. Vujanovic, Sudie E. Back, Posttraumatic Stress and Substance Use Disorders, 2019
Emma L. Barrett, Mark Deady, Ivans Kihas, Katherine L. Mills
Initial screening should determine any acute safety risks related to serious intoxication, overdose, or withdrawal, including likelihood to engage in violent or suicidal behavior. This is particularly relevant for individuals with co-occurring PTSD and SUD, as they can often present to services with severe levels of SUD (Mills et al., 2012) and heightened risk for aggression (Barrett, Mills, & Teesson, 2011) and suicide (Harned, Najavits, & Weiss, 2006). The Short-Form Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ-SF; Diamond, Wang, Buffington-Vollum, 2005) and the Violence Risk Screening–10 (V-RISK-10; Bjørkly, Hartvig, Brauer, & Moger, 2009) are useful screening tools for risk of aggression and violence among clients in treatment. Similarly, the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire (SBQ-R; Osman, Bagge, Gutierrez, Konick, Kopper, & Barrios, 2001) and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS; Posner et al., 2011) are validated questionnaires for assessing suicide-related thoughts and behaviors. Once safety is established, further screening tools can be implemented. Standardized screening tools for SUD are listed in Table 8.3 and discussed below. The screening process is not diagnostic, but it can be useful for identifying individuals who require more comprehensive SUD assessment and treatment (Deady, 2009).
Disorders of Emotion Recognition and Expression
Published in Tom M. McMillan, Rodger Ll. Wood, Neurobehavioural Disability and Social Handicap following Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Claire Williams, Rodger Ll. Wood
Research into the psychosocial consequences of alexithymia has shown that an inability to recognise and express emotions not only has a detrimental impact on the quality of inter-personal relationships (Williams & Wood, 2013), with attendant risks of social isolation and depression, but can also lead to poor emotional coping skills (Wood & Doughty, 2013). Further research has shown that alexithymia increases the risk of post traumatic psychosomatic reactions that can develop into somatoform states (Wood, Williams & Kaylani, 2009), and also increase the risk of suicidal ideation (Wood, Williams & Lewis, 2010). More recently, Williams and Wood (in submission) also demonstrated for the first time that the presence of alexithymia increases the risk of aggressive behaviour after TBI. In a large sample of individuals with TBI and a demographically matched control group, they found significant positive relationships between alexithymia (total and sub-scale scores) and self and proxy reports of physical and verbal aggression, as well as ratings of anger and hostility as measured by the Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992). They also found that alexithymia, particularly difficulties identifying and describing feelings, explained a significant amount of variance in aggression ratings in both groups.
Aggressive Worriers: How Aggression Moderates the Association between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Suicidal Desire Constructs
Published in Archives of Suicide Research, 2021
Rachel L. Martin, Nicole S. Smith, Shelby J. McGrew, Daniel W. Capron
Buss Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, 1992). The BPAQ is a 29-item measure that examines 4 facets of aggression: physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and hostility. Physical aggression comprises nine questions that examine the individual’s inclination to get involved in physical altercations. Verbal aggression has 5 questions that assess the individual’s tendency to be argumentative. Anger is a seven-item scale that gauges the individual’s physiological arousal and preparation for aggression. Finally, hostility has eight items that measure cognitive processes and biases of injustice. All questions are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Never or hardly applies to me) to 5 (Very often applies to me). Internal consistencies for this sample were good: physical aggression (α = .85), verbal aggression (α = .82), anger (α = .87), hostility (α = .91).
An Investigation of Differential Relationships of Implicit and Explicit Aggression: Validation of an Arabic Version of the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression
Published in Journal of Personality Assessment, 2019
Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. The employees were informed that the study was about the relationships between reasoning skills, personality traits, and job performance. The CRT–A was administered according to the regular test instructions as an inductive reasoning test to maintain the indirect measurement of the test. All participants were recruited at work and assured about the confidentiality of their data. The CRT–A was administered with a 25-min time limit, according to the test manual (James & McIntyre, 2000), under the students’ supervision. The Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire was then administered with the following instructions: “Using the 5-point scale, indicate how uncharacteristic or characteristic each of the following statements is in describing you,” without disclosing the purpose of the questionnaire. At the end of the questionnaire, each employee was asked to provide specific demographic data.
Patterns of health behaviors affecting mental health in collegiate athletes
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2021
Nicola L. de Souza, Carrie Esopenko, Fiona N. Conway, Sabrina M. Todaro, Jennifer F. Buckman
Aggressive behaviors were assessed using the 12-item Short-Form Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), which consists of 4 subscales measuring hostility, anger, and physical and verbal aggression.27 Respondents rated items on a Likert scale from 1 (Extremely unlike me) to 6 (Extremely like me). Previous research has reported good reliability and validity of the BPAQ.28 This questionnaire had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .89) and thus the total BPAQ score was used as an indicator of overall aggressive behaviors. Higher scores indicated more aggressive behaviors.