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Anxiety and somatoform disorders
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Brigitte Khoury, Michel R Khoury, Laeth S Nasir
The essential feature of body dysmorphic disorder is a preoccupation with a defect in one’s appearance, which is either imagined or, if a slight abnormality is present, then the individual’s concern is excessive and causes distress that is judged to be disproportionate. Complaints usually revolve around flaws in the face or head (acne, thinning hair, facial asymmetry, shape or size of eyes, nose, mouth …), or other body parts (breasts, arms, feet, buttocks …) or overall body size. There can be multiple preoccupations about different body parts at the same time. Individuals usually feel very ashamed and tormented by their “deformity” and find this worrying very hard to control. They may spend hours thinking about it, to the point that these thoughts dominate their lives and interfere with their daily functioning. Feelings of self-consciousness may lead them to avoid work, school and social situations.
What the Mental Health Literature Says About Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Published in Mark B. Constantian, Childhood Abuse, Body Shame, and Addictive Plastic Surgery, 2018
Except for collaboration by surgeons and mental health professionals, plastic surgeons might be just complaining to each other about their eccentric patients without understanding what they saw. The work done by Edgerton, starting in the 1950’s, and the early writings of Goin and Goin in 1970’s and 1980’s described the clinical pathology; but the inclusion of body dysmorphic disorder in the DSM-111-R in 1987 was an important step that allowed researchers to begin to systematically characterize the disorder and its associated pathology. Voluminous research done by mental health professionals dedicated to understanding body dysmorphic disorder has given us a precise description of these patients’ lives and behavior, and clues to their treatment. But it also raises new questions.
Female genital alteration in the UK
Published in Katja Kuehlmeyer, Corinna Klingler, Richard Huxtable, Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects of Health Care for, 2018
There has been a paucity of research into the psychology of requests for cosmetic genital surgeries, but interestingly, an empirical study (Veale et al. 2014) examining those requesting labiaplasty did not demonstrate any increased depression or anxiety-related psychopathology with respect to controls. Further, less than 20% of those in the study group satisfied diagnostic criteria for body dysmorphic disorder. The common thread was instead a general dissatisfaction with the appearance of the genital area, a strongly held genital aesthetic ideal, and a subsequent reported reduction in quality of life when ideal and reality do not meet. In a detailed case study (Veale & Daniels 2012), a woman requesting clitoridectomy (having already undergone labiaplasty) was deemed to have no psychiatric or personality disorder. She reported low quality of life in relation to her (medically normal) genitalia since, by her own admission, she had very specific aesthetic standards. She was able to undergo the procedure regardless.
Body dysmorphic disorder and its associated psychological and psychopathological features in an Italian community sample
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2018
Silvia Cerea, Gioia Bottesi, Jessica R. Grisham, Marta Ghisi
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by concerns regarding one or more perceived defects in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others (American Psychiatric Association, 2013); the preoccupation is time-consuming and causes significant distress or impairment in the individual’s functioning (Cororve & Gleaves, 2001; Marques et al., 2011). The most common areas of concern in individuals with BDD are the skin (presence of acne or scars), the hair (hair loss, thinning, or excessive facial or body hair), and the nose (shape or size; Buhlmann et al., 2010; Phillips, 2006; Phillips & Diaz, 1997; Phillips, McElroy, Keck, Pope, & Hudson, 1993; Schieber, Kollei, de Zwaan, & Martin, 2015; Veale et al., 1996). Appearance concerns, however, may involve any body areas (Phillips, 2006; Phillips et al., 1993; Veale, 2000), and individuals with BDD may be concerned with multiple body parts at the same time (Phillips et al., 1993; Phillips, Menard, Fay, & Weisberg, 2005).
Body dysmorphic disorder: a guide to identification and management for the orthodontic team
Published in Journal of Orthodontics, 2018
Adina Rosten, Susan Cunningham, J. Tim Newton
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) classifies body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in the chapter of ‘Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders’. The official DSM V Diagnostic criteria are (American Psychiatric Association 2013): Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others.At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviours (e.g. mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (e.g. comparing his or her appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns.The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning.The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat or weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorder
Continued professional development
Published in Journal of Orthodontics, 2018
This review outlines the features of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) including its prevalence and management by clinicians. The prevalence of BDD amongst patients attending for orthodontic and cosmetic dentistry is suggested to be: 1.4–3.3%4.2–7.5%10.1–12.7%14.3–17.1%; or18.9–21.3%