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Showing the Data to Others – Graphs and Tables, Part 2
Published in Mitchell G. Maltenfort, Camilo Restrepo, Antonia F. Chen, Statistical Reasoning for Surgeons, 2020
Mitchell G. Maltenfort, Camilo Restrepo, Antonia F. Chen
The scale of numbers may be an advantage to the table or the graph, depending on the situation. The size of the numbers in a table is the size of the font. In a graph, the visible difference between numbers is the point – or the line or the bar. If I have two numbers, one very large and one very small, that I want to show in context to each other, the best way to do it may depend on the overall story I am trying to tell.
Reliability of a common digital body scale to determine body composition
Published in Ade Gafar Abdullah, Isma Widiaty, Cep Ubad Abdullah, Medical Technology and Environmental Health, 2020
F.A. Yulianto, H.S. Rathomi, E. Nurhayati, R.G. Ibnusantosa, E.R. Indrasari
Tables 1 and 2 show insignificant differences between the first and second examination. Table 1 describes the distribution frequency in fat that located in body and visceral. The visceral fat is normally below the body (total) fat, as illustrated in the Table 1. The mean difference in fat measurement is small, 0.33% and 0.55% in body and visceral fat. The most visible difference only happened between minimum value of the first and second body fat examination. The data distribution in body fat is more normal compared to visceral fat distribution according to given standard deviation.
Cleft lip and palate: developmental abnormalities of the face, mouth and jaws
Published in Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie, Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery, 2018
Professor Sir Norman Williams, Professor P. Ronan O’Connell, Professor Andrew W. McCaskie
In early childhood management should be aimed at dealing with functional problems, airway obstruction, speech and feeding issues, but there is an increasing imperative for surgery to address the appearance of the child. There is no doubt that visible differences can affect the development, socially and emotionally; however, there is a significant role for psychological and emotional support for the whole family and in some cases for the school community to help the child, family and school understand and deal with the additional pressures that visible difference makes. Surgery can make a significant difference for some cases, but for many surgery should be delayed as long as possible for an optimal outcome in the long term.
Efficacy and safety of stromal vascular fraction on scar revision surgery: a prospective study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2023
Hyeokjae Kwon, Seokui Lee, Jiyoung Kim, Seung Han Song
The scars in both groups showed improvement compared to before surgery. The scars in the experimental treatment group improved significantly compared to those in the control group in 11 of the 12 total items (six in the observer scar assessment scale, six in the patient scar assessment scale) in the POSAS scale following evaluation before and 6 months after surgery (p <.05; Table 3). On the observer scar assessment scale, the experimental treatment group showed a statistically significant improvement compared to the control group in all items (vascularity, pigmentation, thickness, relief, liability, and surface area). Except for the pliability item on the patient scar assessment scale, the scar was significantly better in all other items (pain, itching, color, stiffness, and thickness). The results are shown in Figures 2 and 3 with a bar plot and error bars. The overall score was significantly improved in the experimental group compared to in the control group in both the patient and observer scales. There was also a visible difference in the appearance of scars between the experimental treatment and control sides (Figures 4 and 5). Except for two patients who complained of mild pain two days after the surgery, no patient experienced side effects, such as bleeding, infection, fat necrosis, skin necrosis, systemic allergic or anaphylactic reaction, fever, headache, muscle pain, or fatigue during the six-month follow-up period.
“Have We Done Enough?” A Cross-condition Exploration of the Experiences of Parents Caring for A Child with an Appearance-affecting Condition or Injury
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Maia Thornton, Diana Harcourt, Toity Deave, James Kiff, Heidi Williamson
Multiple conditions and injuries can result in an appearance that is different from the “norm”,1 often referred to as a visible difference (or “disfigurement”). It is estimated that over 1.3 million people in the UK have a significant visible difference to their face or body due to, for example, craniofacial and skin conditions, burn injuries, limb loss or birthmarks.2 In an appearance-focused society, an attractive external appearance which adheres to narrow appearance norms, is considered the ideal; as illustrated through the cultural narrative of “beauty is good”.3 Therefore, it is unsurprising that children and young people (CYP) affected by a visible difference, whatever the cause, can experience common, pervasive psychosocial difficulties, such as negative self-perceptions, teasing and bullying, low self-esteem, depression and generalized and social anxiety.4
Being the parent of a child with limb difference who has been provided with an artificial limb: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2020
James Oliver, Clare Dixon, Craig D. Murray
Supporting parents to consider their feelings and personal meanings attached to prosthesis use for their child, including issues related to cosmesis and functionality, may help parents to feel more confident in managing their child’s use of a prosthesis. Moreover, parents may benefit from exploring their own opinions and views around issues related to visible difference, with some parents reflecting on a change in their own attitudes toward difference and disability. Research suggests a parent’s feelings about their child’s appearance can be assimilated and internalized by the child, which in turn can influence their own conceptions of body image and feelings of self-worth [40]. Therefore, exploring this with parents in a nonjudgmental and non-stigmatizing way could be of value. Given the central role parents play in the decisions and management of their child’s prosthesis use, the results advocate for parents’ feelings and personal meanings attached to prosthesis use to be explored when engaging within the prosthetic rehabilitation process.