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Vitiligo
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Vitiligo is a cosmetic problem caused by the loss of cells (melanocytes) that produce skin color (melanin) resulting in white blotches on the skin. Often the patches begin on areas of skin that are exposed to the sun and effect both sides of the body. Vitiligo tends to expand over time, causing larger areas of skin to lose pigment. It may begin at any age, but the average age of onset is in the mid-twenties.1 Vitiligo is more common in people with autoim mune diseases. There is no cure for vitiligo, but available treatments may stop its progression and induce varying degrees of re-pigmentation. A combination of therapies is usually more effective than any single therapy.1
Hyperthyroidism
Published in K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla, 100 Short Cases for the MRCP, 2020
K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla
Look for pretibial myxoedema over the shins. Look for thyrotoxic myopathy (shoulder muscle wasting).Examine skin for vitiligo.
Attributes of Peripheral Dopamine and Dopamine Receptors
Published in Nira Ben-Jonathan, Dopamine, 2020
Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder where melanocytes are selectively destroyed, causing white patches on the skin. A possible association between vitiligo and genes in the DA pathway was examined in punch biopsies from involved and uninvolved skin of vitiligo patients and from non-sun-exposed skin of control subjects [70]. As judged by both mRNA expression and protein levels, D1R and D5R were significantly higher in vitiligo skin compared to controls. The authors concluded that the DA pathway influences melanogenesis either directly or through the melanocortin pathway.
Association between vitiligo and sexual dysfunction: current evidence
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Xin Liang, Fei Guo, Xiaoce Cai, Jiao Wang, Jiale Chen, Li Liu, Yan Chen, Fang Liu, Yuhua Du, Lei Li, Xin Li
Vitiligo is a commonly acquired pigmented disease characterized by the destruction of epidermal melanocytes (MC), which results in decreased melanin production and skin depigmentation. Although vitiligo affects approximately 1% of the global population, its prevalence does not vary significantly by sex, ethnicity, or geographic region [1]. Its pathogenesis has not been elucidated. However, research has shown that the etiology is closely related to genetics, autoimmune diseases, melanocyte self-destruction, trace element deficiency, environmental triggers, epidermal oxidative stress, and other factors [2–5]. The commonly used methods for vitiligo treatment in modern medicine include drug therapy (oral glucocorticoids, immunomodulatory trace elements, topical glucocorticoids, and calcineurin inhibitors), phototherapy (narrow-wave ultraviolet and 308 excimer laser), and surgical treatment (surgical skin grafting and depigmentation treatment) [6].
Efficacy and safety of compound glycyrrhizin in the patients with vitiligo: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2023
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by depigmentation macules resulting from the loss of melanocytes. It affects all age group, and the worldwide prevalence of vitiligo ranges between 0.5% and 2%, without sex or racial difference [1,2]. Because of white patches, vitiligo causes significant impairments in patients’ routine activities, employment, and psychosocial health, especially for patients with lesions on face, hand, and genitalia [2]. Currently, the pathogenesis of vitiligo is unclear, and the treatment of vitiligo remains challenging. In the guideline of therapy of vitiligo [3], the conventional treatments include topical corticosteroid (TCS), topical calcineurin inhibitor (TCI), narrowband ultraviolet B (NB-UVB), and 308 nm excimer laser. They could be used alone or in combination to improve the efficacy. However, not all patients receiving them are able to achieve satisfactory effect. Although some Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors provide an effective alternative therapy for refractory vitiligo [4,5], the high cost and adverse effects, including infections and cardiovascular events, also restrict the long-term use of them.
The effects of 308-nm excimer laser on the infiltration of CD4+, CD8+ T-cells, and regulatory T cells in the lesional skin of patients at active and stable stages of nonsegmental vitiligo
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Baoxiang Zhang, Tingting Li, Yuanyuan Tang, Mao Lin, Caixia Tu, Yong Lang, Diancai Zhang, Dianqin Feng
Photochemotherapy including PUVA, narrowband UVB (NB-UVB), and excimer laser are frequently used and combined with other treatments such as surgical transplantation for vitiligo treatment (13,14). However, surgical transplantation always needs a donor for normal skin. Patients at stable stage of vitiligo and had no response to other treatments are recommended to the surgical processes (14). However, although a number of treatments for vitiligo have been developed, to date, there is no effective treatment to cure vitiligo. Patients may react very differently to those therapies. As vitiligo is an autoimmune disease, current studies have been focusing on investigating immunosuppressive therapy. The assessments of the immune parameters involved in vitiligo are also becoming important as they could predict the outcomes of the treatment and serve as markers for treatment efficiency.