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Above pain
Published in Stephen Buetow, Rethinking Pain in Person-Centred Health Care, 2020
A mixed methods study by Josie Billington and colleagues37 exemplifies the disciplined use of a leisure project to transcend pain. In a group setting, the mental challenge of shared aloud reading by persons in persistent pain created a mental state of flow and some pain relief. Opportunities for flow involved reading and group-directed affection, including behavioural synchrony and shared emotional resonance through camaraderie.38 Persons have a natural impulse to experience togetherness as a kind of playground.14 Without concern for self-preservation, Homo ludens, he who plays, freely goes there to savour enjoyment.
Rowing
Published in Ira Glick, Danielle Kamis, Todd Stull, The ISSP Manual of Sports Psychiatry, 2018
Roxy Szeftel, Barb Pearce, Gish Jen
Vernon notes: “In the whole boat the ultimate aim is complete synchronization of the movements of every member of the crew” (Vernon, 1927, p. 322). In 1915, Emile Durkheim, a founding father of sociology, described the association between physical exercise and social bonding, noting that coordinated activity strengthens that social bond (Durkheim, 1915/1965). Research on world-class rowers demonstrated that synchronized intense exertion heightens opioid activity that increases the pain threshold and creates an endorphin surge that is highest in the eights. This group “rowers’ high” is considered greater than the individual athlete’s experience of the “runner’s high.” Furthermore, endorphins are a positive factor in bonding (Cohen, Ejsmond-Frey, Knight, & Dunbar, 2015). The term “behavioral synchrony” describes the effect of collective rhythmic activity. It enhances interpersonal attunement and connectedness (Baimel, Severson, Baron, & Birch, 2015). This effect may occur because “physical alignment makes mental attunement easier” (Keller, Novembre & Hove, 2013).
Oxytocin, cortisol, and cognitive control during acute and naturalistic stress
Published in Stress, 2021
Shari Young Kuchenbecker, Sarah D. Pressman, Jared Celniker, Karen M. Grewen, Kenneth D. Sumida, Naveen Jonathan, Brendan Everett, George M. Slavich
Feldman (2017) points out that bio-behavioral synchrony is critical for survival. Moreover, the oxytocin system is known to help support social affiliation and group cohesion by increasing the salience of social cues and regulating stress in humans (Bartz et al., 2011; Taylor, 2011). Levy et al. (2016), in turn, demonstrated that oxytocin selectively modulates brain responses to stimuli probing social synchrony with increased oxytocin robustly affecting social processing. Contextual group, oxytocin receptors, and individual oxytocin effects on agency are relevant, particularly as related to caregiving and parenting (Bakermans-Kranenburg et al., 2012; Feldman et al., 2013). It is possible, therefore, that the present data showing increases in oxytocin and, subsequently, cortisol among women at semester’s end are partly representative of social-biological synchrony that helps individuals and groups better prepare for challenges that lie ahead. Oxytocin stress-buffering and positive affect within the tend and befriend and survival of the species models subserve the prioritization of offspring care. Increased cognitive acuity and positive emotions, as found here, would further be valuable for initiating and performing needed instrumental actions that help promote survival, particularly in stressful situations.
Phenomenological Experiences during Active-Alert Hypnosis: Comparison of Hypnotist and Subject
Published in International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 2020
Eniko Kasos, Krisztian Kasos, András Költő, Emese Józsa, Katalin Varga
Hypnotists reported experiencing altered states of consciousness, transference, even dreaming during hypnosis, thus highlighting the importance of examining the subjective experiences of both participants. Most studies focus on physiological and behavioral synchrony (Kasos et al., 2019, 2018), but together with objective measures and staying conscious of the limitations phenomenological data may yield valuable results.