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Commentary
Published in Mary Nolan, Shona Gore, Contemporary Issues in Perinatal Education, 2023
Kathleen Hodkinson, Tara Acevedo, Katrin Kristjansdottir
The reality is that there has never been, nor is there currently, a consensus on exactly ‘how to parent’, even within the scientific community. At present, two very different theoretical approaches are prominent both within scientific discourse and the wider media: Behaviorism and attachment parenting (Troutman, 2015). These approaches can seem to generate opposite recommendations about how best to parent. Simply put, behaviorism focuses mainly on strengthening certain behaviors through reinforcements (rewards) and reducing others through extinction (ignoring) (e.g. Skinner, 1953, 1974). Over the last 50 years, behaviorism has led the field of parenting research and currently forms the basis of the majority of evidence-based parenting intervention programs (e.g. Sanders, 1999; Webster-Stratton, 2005). By contrast, attachment parenting (Sears, 1982; Sears & Sears, 2001) is a somewhat more recent parenting philosophy that has become increasingly popular. The focus of attachment parenting approaches is usually on the development of a secure parent–child relationship and emotion-regulation skills in children. This is achieved through the presence of sensitive responsiveness on the part of the parent and respecting children’s choices (Miller & Commons, 2010).
Breastfeeding and Weaning
Published in Rosa Maria Quatraro, Pietro Grussu, Handbook of Perinatal Clinical Psychology, 2020
Weaning can be particularly complicated for those mothers who fall into the category of what Leff calls ‘Facilitators’ (Raphael Leff, 2014). Amongst the general parent public, this is often referred to as ‘Attachment Parenting’. From the perspective of a Facilitator parent, weaning can be seen as traumatic and the tendency is to delay it for as long as possible. These Facilitator mothers often participate in organisations which offer highly valuable breastfeeding support to mothers. From this perspective, a substantial amount of significance is attached to bonding and breastfeeding, and the value of separation and weaning can sometimes be under-emphasised. Facilitator mothers can be inclined to use this ideological position as grounds to substantiate why they are not able or willing to wean their infants until they are much older than what is developmentally appropriate.
Couple and parenting functioning of childhood sexual abuse survivors: a systematic review of the literature (2001-2018)
Published in Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2021
Heather B. MacIntosh, A. Dana Ménard
Findings of our review provided additional support for the assumption that CSA survivors would demonstrate differences in parental attitudes such as increased autonomy promotion and emotional distance, observed and reported lower levels of maternal functioning and increased risk of sexual and non-sexual abuse in their children. CSA was associated with the development of problematic parenting attitudes in survivor mothers. CSA survivors were also found to evidence difficulty in their functioning as parents with survivors, overall rating themselves as less confident, competent, and efficacious as parents; in studies where partners were included, they tended to concur. Overall, CSA survivors reported lower levels of parenting satisfaction and higher levels of parenting stress in certain domains. Severity of CSA was identified as a moderator of these impacts. Few differences were identified in parenting stress and attachment between survivor and non-survivor mothers. Depression was a mediator in the relationship between CSA and parenting outcomes in the domains of ratings of competence, attachment, parenting stress, observed warmth toward daughters, and the potential for a survivor to physically abuse their child. While the assumption that children of CSA survivors would be more likely to experience sexual abuse was supported, sampling strategies over sampled for this very relationship and so, these studies cannot be utilized to demonstrate the relationship between CSA in mothers and children.
Evaluation of selected cardiopulmonary and perceived exertion responses to four infant carrying methods utilised by African Mothers
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Chidiebele Petronilla Ojukwu, Chinelo Jennifer Okafor, Sylvester Caesar Chukwu, Emelie Moris Anekwu, Adaora Justina Okemuo
Infant carrying (IC), one of the most frequently practiced child care activities, is the act of carrying an infant close to the caregiver’s body with special devices, which aid attachment parenting (Szeverényi and Varga 2013). It ensures a close connection between the mother and infant whilst giving the mother the opportunity to simultaneously engage in other tasks. Most commonly, infant carrying is achieved by carrying the child on the arms or by the use of tools to support the infant on the trunk (Schön and Silvén 2007). IC has been associated with several maternal and infant benefits (Morris 1992; Schön and Silvén 2007; Lonstein 2007).
A comparison study: caregiver functioning and family resilience among families of children with cystic fibrosis, asthma, and healthy controls
Published in Children's Health Care, 2021
Mallory Schneider, Jessica Simpson, Kimberly Zlomke
As an important next step, the present study assessed the relationship between caregiver mental health, parenting aggravation, and family resilience among families of children with CF. As previously described, caregiver mental health has been directly and indirectly associated with child psychosocial concerns, poor parent–child attachment, parenting stress, and impaired family functioning (Foster, O’Brien, & Korhonen, 2012; Khanna et al., 2015; Pinquart, 2019). As such, it was expected that caregivers with poorer mental health would report less family resilience, which in turn, would increase parenting aggravation.