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Biology and Crime
Published in Gail S. Anderson, Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior, 2019
We can now turn to the way in which we can use this interactionist biological explanation of behavior to approach crime. My hope here is to lay down a few of the conditions for our upcoming study. Let us begin with a fundamental question. If we are going to study the biology of crime, we will need to have a good working definition of crime. What then is crime? And a related question: What is antisocial behavior?
Disorders of conduct
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2018
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
There are many other risk factors for the development of antisocial behaviour.2Box 30.2 shows some psychosocial factors, divided into those intrinsic to the child, those in the child’s immediate environment, and those in the child’s wider environment. Many of these often act together for an individual child.
Mental Health: Toxic Stress, Peer Victimization (Bullying), Anxiety, Depression
Published in Hilary McClafferty, Integrative Pediatrics, 2017
Targeted interventions can be directed towards specific individuals in the bullying triad. Programs have been evaluated that address antisocial behavior in early childhood and provide longitudinal intervention and academic tutoring. One example is Fast Track, where target areas include social information processing, social problem solving, emotional understanding, self-control and communication skills. Involvement of parents in the training is another important element (Juvonen and Graham 2014).
Adult antisocial behavior and its relationship to the diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in a longitudinal study of homelessness
Published in Journal of Social Distress and Homelessness, 2021
Vinay S. Kotamarti, Carol S. North, David E. Pollio
A relevant question is how many of the children with conduct problems in this sample had progressed to develop antisocial behaviors as adults, because it is precisely the conduct disorder that determines whether antisocial behavior is part of the diagnosis of ASPD. All 70 of the individuals with DSM-IV-TR conduct disorder and all of the 56 individuals with child conduct component went on to express the adult antisocial pattern. Thus, all 56 individuals with the child conduct component met full DSM-IV-TR ASPD criteria. There were 14 individuals diagnosed with conduct disorder who did not qualify for the child conduct component (because of conduct symptom onset ≥15 years of age), and henceforth these individuals will be referred to as having late-onset conduct disorder. All 14 members of this subgroup qualified for the adult antisocial component but did not meet DSM-IV-TR ASPD criteria because the diagnosis of ASPD requires onset of conduct symptoms before age 15. The relationship of child conduct and adult antisocial problems was also examined retrospectively from the vantage point of adult antisocial behaviors. Of 184 individuals with the adult antisocial component in this sample, 54 (31%) also had the child conduct component, and 70 (38%) had conduct disorder.
Differences between subjects with socially integrated drug use: a study in Italy and Portugal
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2020
Raimondo Maria Pavarin, Ximene Rego, Elia Nostrani, Elia De Caro, Roberta Biolcati, Joana Canêdo, Samantha Sanchini
A list of sixteen behaviors gleaned from the literature regarding antisocial behavior (stealing money, stealing objects, drug dealing, brawls, physical cruelty to animals, using weapons, fraud, vandalism, trespassing, threats, arson, sexual offenses, other behaviors liable to arrest) and risk behavior (unprotected sexual relations, dangerous driving, exchanging syringes) implemented during the past year were used (Howard et al., 2010). To evaluate social life, three items were chosen by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet et al., 1988). As regards social and recreational activities, the monthly frequency with which interviewees dedicate time to their interests during leisure time was investigated (Sander et al., 1999). Positive identity was evaluated with an indicator from the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to investigate the interviewee’s self-satisfaction (Rosenberg, 1965).
The understudied half of undergraduates: Risky sexual behaviors among community college students
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2020
Tracy M. Scull, Elyse M. Keefe, Julie M. Kafka, Christina V. Malik, Janis B. Kupersmidt
As expected, gender differences were found in intentions to engage in risky sexual behaviors. Male students in the sample were more likely to report higher intentions for sexual acts which may include multiple partners, casual sex, or intoxicated sex. Similarly, endorsement of traditional gender role norms was associated with future risky sexual behaviors. Researchers have argued that internalized gender norms may lead men to pursue the masculine ideal of sexual adventurer, while women may feel pressure pursue the stereotyped notion of feminine passivity.22 This could contribute to pressure for men to have more casual relationships, while women may feel more pressure to acquiesce on important sexual decisions.22 Gender norms reinforce imbalanced power dynamics between heterosexual partners, but they also may discourage healthy communication between sexual partners. One of the stereotypes of masculinity is to be unemotional and terse49; men are acculturated even as children to avoid uncomfortable or emotional conversations,50 and aspiring to the stereotype of taciturn masculinity may leave male students more hesitant and/or less equipped to talk to their partners about STIs, pregnancy prevention, and even the emotional consequences of engaging in sexual intercourse. Some research indicates that endorsing traditional gender norms among men may be highly correlated with aggression, antisocial behavior, and low emotional awareness, but also with earlier sexual initiation and less condom use.51