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Set Recovery Goals
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Altruism is one aspect of what psychologists call prosocial behavior. Prosocial behavior is any action that benefits other people, no matter what the motive or how the giver benefits from the action. Though some believe that humans are fundamentally self-interested, and active addiction is certainly self-centered, recent research suggests that healthy people’s first impulse is to cooperate rather than compete.
Happiness and Social Connectivity
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
One such opportunity to foster positive affect is engaging in prosocial behaviors, or acts that help others (i.e., cooperating), as positive affect is influenced by interactions with others and social relationships. Prosocial behaviors, or acts that help others (i.e., helping, cooperating), and positive affect bidirectionally reinforce each other (Snippe et al., 2018). For example, engagement in an average of one to two acts of prosocial behavior may buffer against the negative implications of stress and support overall mental health, further bolstering the beneficial consequences of experiencing positive emotion (Raposa et al., 2016). Expressing gratitude may also influence prosocial behavior by contributing to feelings of value by encouraging a sense of connection with others (Grant & Gino, 2010). However, having fewer racial biases and being open-minded increases the likelihood of participating in prosocial behavior, further indicating the importance of identifying and addressing biases in healthcare (Stepanikova et al., 2011). Therefore, prosocial behavior can result in a multitude of personal and social benefits, such as fostering a sense of connection, promoting trust, and increasing positive emotion.
Studying Brain Function Using Non-human Primate Models
Published in Tian-Le Xu, Long-Jun Wu, Nonclassical Ion Channels in the Nervous System, 2021
In humans, only behavior that is beneficial to others and is done intentionally can be classified as prosocial behavior in psychology. Likewise, the criteria for intentionality in marmoset prosociality has been established, including flexibility, audience effects, and goal directedness. Flexibility refers to the subject’s adjustment of its behavior to specific conditions and the usage of multiple means to achieve a goal. Audience effects refer to 1) behavior that occurs only when potential recipients are present, and 2) behavior is influenced by whether other helpers are present. Goal directedness refers to the persistence of the behavior until the goal is achieved and the distinct reaction shown by the helper when the expected goal is not achieved (74). But is it appropriate to mechanically apply what “intentionality” is in humans to marmosets? Maybe we should establish more sophisticated behavioral paradigms to investigate marmosets’ prosocial behavior in a more naturalistic way instead of creating descriptive and subjective criteria.
Measuring LGBT Discrimination in a Buddhist Country
Published in Journal of Homosexuality, 2023
Krichkanok Srimuang, Piriya Pholphirul
This study adopts an econometrics model to quantitatively test the effects of socioeconomic factors, prosocial behavior, and positive emotions of individuals on discrimination against LGBT people. The independent variables include socioeconomic factors such as gender, age group, education level, marital status, nationality, religion, occupation, and region, as well as prosocial behavior and positive emotions. Prosocial behavior and positive emotions are classified according to three levels, namely, never, sometimes, and often. Prosocial behavior refers to activities that involve helping and volunteering. These include helping others, reciprocating benefactors, volunteering, donating money and goods, and helping others when an opportunity arises. Positive emotions include sincerely forgiving others, empathy, and being happy when helping others.
Photovoice as a tool for exploring perceptions of marijuana use among Appalachian adolescents
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2023
Dana Harley, Theda Rose, Trenette Clark Goings, James Canfield
Religion was also cited as a potential cause of marijuana abstinence. Religion provides a significant socialization context for youth, including positive and supportive relationships with adults and like-minded peers (e.g., Milot & Ludden, 2009) and access to other community-level resources that support positive growth and development (Smith, 2003). Through religious beliefs and practices (e.g., prayer) and direct application of scriptural understandings, youth may develop coping skills for navigating the pressures of adolescence that may lead to marijuana use (Smith, 2003). Further, most research concludes that religion is a protective mechanism against youth marijuana use (Milot & Ludden, 2009; Wallace et al., 2007). As the Appalachian culture places value on the religious context (e.g., Tang, as cited in Obermiller & Maloney, 1994), religious organizations may be a beneficial avenue for the implementation of prevention efforts. Other findings also affirm the importance of positive extracurricular activities. Involvement in structured, productive activities promotes prosocial behavior and group identification, and fosters and enhances new skills and interests that can protect against risk-related behaviors (Fredricks & Eccles, 2005). Given the risk of substance use due to, for example, limited access to recreational activities highlighted for Appalachian youth (e.g., Lambert et al., 2008), creating further opportunities for these youth to engage in structured productive activities is paramount.
Prosocial modelling matters: the association between parent and faculty involvement in fighting COVID-19 with medical students’ career commitment
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2022
Dan Wang, Xiaoyang Ye, Hongbin Wu
Prosocial behaviour, an action that benefits or promotes others [6], is a direct product of social learning [7]. Modelling plays an essential role in the form of prosocial behaviour [8]. Prosocial modelling is one of the major approaches to fostering prosocial behaviour, which could be a strategy to be used in educational institutions [7]. Highly prosocial medical workers have been found to have high levels of professional commitment [9]. In late January 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. It has since spread rapidly across the world. As the medical resources in Hubei, the epicentre of COVID-19, were insufficient to deal with the outbreak, tens of thousands of medical staff were deployed from all over China to provide medical aid for the province, among whom more than 20,000 of those staff were from hospitals affiliated with medical colleges [10]. Numerous non-healthcare workers (particularly government officials and social workers) also actively participated in the fight against COVID-19. Their contributions are considered to be a form of prosocial behaviour [11,12].