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Collectivism in the Cultural Perspective: The Indian Scene
Published in J.-C. Lasry, J. Adair, K. Dion, Latest Contributions to Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2020
Indians have been assigned to the category of “vertical collectivists” (Triandis, 1995) where the characteristics of embeddedness and power distance appear prominently in their personal and social dispositions. Indian psychologists (Mishra, 1994; D. Sinha & Tripathi, 1994) describe India as a “co-existence of dichotomies,” while some recent empirical studies (J.B.P. Sinha et al., 1994) have not been able to present an articulated or clear pattern of Indian collectivism. Moreover, in our attempt to examine individual level variation in I/C (that is, idio-centrism/allocentrism) (Triandis, Leung, Villareal, & Clack, 1985), we have found Indian students scoring as idiocentric (J.B.P. Sinha & Verma, 1994). On the other hand, we also found a high positive correlation between the self-rating measures of allocentrism and idiocentrism in another group of Indian college students (J.B.P. Sinha et al., 1994).
Virtues of Acknowledged Dependence and Common Projects of Care
Published in Aaron D. Cobb, A Virtue-Based Defense of Perinatal Hospice, 2019
I maintain that structured perinatal hospice programs are a kind of good common project. This is not to deny that professional communities may participate in these programs in a manner that fails to express virtue. But these programs characteristically orient professional communities and medical institutions toward important goods. An apt commitment to the practices characteristic of these programs combined with a collective endeavor to ensure their broad accessibility is a way of being for the good. These programs coordinate the efforts of individual healthcare providers, institutions of medical care, and personal communities to address the varied needs of a family in the midst of crisis. Providing this care involves integrating the efforts of a team of professionals including obstetricians, neonatologists, nurses, social workers, chaplains, counselors, and hospital administrators as well as the institutions that support and encourage this work. To care for the family effectively, all of these actors must engage in the effort to address the family’s vulnerabilities. This joint endeavor reflects an allocentric orientation which is itself an expression of moral goodness.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
(from Greek, allos: other) Allocentric means literally centred on the other—that is, not on the self (which is referred to as EGOCENTRIC). Allocentric is a term used in referring to an animal's SPATIAL BEHAVIOUR. Cue responses (in which movements guided by an external cue, such as a landmark) and place responses (in which an animal's target is out of its immediate perception, and NAVIGATION to which requires a COGNITIVE MAP) can both be described as allocentric.
A Story of Discovery and Change: What We Learned from Studying Nystagmus in Infancy and Childhood
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Unfortunately, the chronic adaptation of an AHP has developmental consequences of its own. To optimize visual and spatial processing, the developing brain elaborates representations of up, down, right, and left by combining vestibular, somatosensory, and visual cues. Allocentric spatial perception is an object-to-object representational system that encodes information about the location of one object or its parts with respect to other objects and egocentric spatial perception is an object-to-self representational system that encodes information about the location of one object or its parts with respect to self. A mismatch of egocentric localization occurs when objective straight and subjective sense of straight do not coincide. It has been shown that, especially during development, prolonged maintenance of eccentric eye or head position are conditions that can alter the perception of “straight-ahead” along with co-registration of not only auditory but also multimodal space.65 Although an INS patient’s AHP might have been initiated by their ocular oscillation, its persistence over time or after treatment is due to additional, complex combinations of remaining nystagmus, and non-nystagmus characteristics. Disrupted egocentric localization is present in up to 77% of patients who report their head as “crooked” when held in the zero position.65 This is helpful when counseling patients around treatment by discouraging complete AHP resolution as an outcome, suggesting only improvement.
Age-related Differences and Individual Differences of the Positivity Effect in Korean Older Adults: Focused on Attentional Process for Emotional Faces
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2021
When studying whether there are cultural factors influencing the positivity effect, it is necessary to consider the cultural differences in emotion-cognition processing. According to existing research examining the differences in emotional regulation between the East and the West, Western cultures emphasize the experience and expression of positive emotions (Tsai, Levenson, & McCoy, 2006), whereas East Asian cultures prefer to restrain highly activated emotions (Tsai & Levenson, 1997). Furthermore, whereas the Western culture of individualism pursues positive emotions in order to increase and maintain self-esteem and happiness, the Eastern culture of collectivism focuses on the acceptance of negative emotions and the experience of allocentric emotions in order to better adapt to one’s associated group. Oishi, Diener, and Lucas (2007) suggested that the importance of positive emotions differs according to culture, and Uchida and Kitayama (2009) claimed that, when explaining the components of happiness, Americans describe only positive features whereas the Japanese list both positive and negative descriptions.
Visual perceptual deficits and their contribution to walking dysfunction in individuals with post-stroke visual neglect
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Tatiana Ogourtsova, Philippe S. Archambault, Anouk Lamontagne
Table 2 presents the clinical USN assessment results for the participants with stroke. The USN+ group included 5 (n = 5) individuals with history of USN and 10 (n = 10) individuals with actual USN on testing. Overall, the USN+ group demonstrated deficits on all USN related measures in near space. None of the USN- individuals scored positive on any of the USN assessments. When considering individuals’ scores on USN-related measures in the 10 participants with actual neglect, however, some variability in the expression of USN was observed. Allocentric (object-centred) USN was more common and found in 7 out of 10 participants. Egocentric (viewer-centred) USN was found in 2 out of 10 individuals, and 2 participants presented with both allocentric and egocentric USN.