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Genetics
Published in Cathy Laver-Bradbury, Margaret J.J. Thompson, Christopher Gale, Christine M. Hooper, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2021
Genetic factors seem to contribute to adolescent depression not only directly but indirectly through gene–environment interplay (Thapar et al., 2012), for example, by increasing sensitivity to adversity (gene–environment interaction) and by increasing the probability of exposure to risky environments (gene–environment correlation). It has been suggested that the increasing heritability of depression with age may be at least in part due to gene–environment correlation, which increases around adolescence when young people begin to exert more influence on their environment (Rice, 2010). Copy number variants and rare deleterious mutations have not been observed to contribute to depression risk in the way that they do for neurodevelopmental disorders. A recent study using UK Biobank observed an increased burden of pathogenic CNVs in those with depression (Kendall et al., 2019).
Treatment for Depression in Adolescent Girls: Navigating Puberty and the Transition to Adolescence 1
Published in Laura H. Choate, Depression in Girls and Women Across the Lifespan, 2019
IPT-A is described in a treatment manual (see Mufson et al., 2004a; see also Weissman et al., 2018 for a guide to Interpersonal Psychotherapy). According to IPT-A, there are four tasks for the therapist: (1) to create a therapeutic relationship with the client and her family; (2) to conceptualize the adolescent depression through an interpersonal context by identifying interpersonal problems in one of four areas: grief, interpersonal role disputes, interpersonal role, transitions, and interpersonal deficits; (3) to assist the client in becoming more aware of maladaptive communication patterns and change them so she can more effectively meet her relational needs; and (4) to help the client to develop a stronger social support network.
Depression
Published in Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy, Primary Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2019
Quentin Spender, Judith Barnsley, Alison Davies, Jenny Murphy
The importance of adolescent depression is that: it impairs functioning (for instance in educational attainment and peer relationships)it increases the risk of suicidealthough it often gets better without treatment, it tends to recur in at least half of caseshaving even some of the symptoms of depression may be significant in terms of the likelihood of developing a full-blown depressive episode laterit is generally under-recognised.2
Implementation of an Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline for Depression Screening of the Adolescent
Published in Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 2023
Adolescent depression screening has decreased disease burden, improved patient outcomes, reduced morbidity and mortality, as well as become an area to address disparities in healthcare. However, although the evidence supports the use of adolescent depression screening, rates remain relevantly low (Bose et al., 2021; Chowdhury & Champion, 2020; Stafford et al., 2020). During the COVID-19 pandemic, while overall depression screenings decreased (2%), there was an increase in the percentage of positive screenings/potential depression diagnosis (8.5% to 27.8%) and suspected suicide attempts (22.3% to 39.1%) when compared to prepandemic data (Blackstone et al., 2022; Durante & Lau, 2022; Mayne et al., 2021). These increased rates of depression and suicide risk during the pandemic further emphasize the importance of routine adolescent depression screening in primary care (Beharry, 2022; Durante & Lau, 2022; Mayne et al., 2021). Recommendations and guidelines are in place to assist PCPs in early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of adolescent depression.
Implementation of Behavioral Activation within a Care Pathway for Adolescent Depression at an Academic Medical Center
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2023
R. Eric Lewandowski, Jessica Jenness, Carolyn Spiro, Kathryn DeLonga, Katherine Crowe, Kavita Tahilani, Katie Happer, Paul Sullivan, Kathleen Camacho, Jiyon Kim, Karen Fleiss, Alan Schlechter, Bethany Watson, Mark Knepley, Christopher Martell, Kimberly Hoagwood, Sarah M. Horwitz, Elizabeth McCauley
Adolescent depression is a prevalent and impairing psychiatric condition, linked to poor academic, interpersonal, and health outcomes (Bistko et al., 2018; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Depression, 2011; Copeland et al., 2015; Merikangas et al., 2011). Despite these considerable consequences, both access to and effectiveness of treatment for depression are inadequate. Up to 80% of adolescents with depression do not receive any treatment, in part because many are seen in pediatric primary care where challenges exist in identifying, diagnosing, and providing adequate follow-up or referral to those affected (Costello et al., 2014; Mayne et al., 2016; Merikangas et al., 2011; Rinke et al., 2019., 2016). When depressed youth do receive psychotherapy, it varies in quality and may suffer from inadequate symptom monitoring and sub-optimal treatment adjustment (Bickman et al., 2011; Weersing & Weisz, 2002; Weisz et al., 2006). Indeed, even high-quality psychotherapy for depression underperforms treatment for other adolescent mental health conditions (Weersing et al., 2017; Weisz et al., 2017). Together, these challenges reflect the need to strengthen systems for identifying adolescents with depression and managing their care, raise the quality of treatment within these systems to meet evidence-based practice standards, and improve the efficacy and effectiveness of treatment through clinical research and enhanced scientific understanding of depression.
Single-arm Pilot Trial of Hatha Yoga for Adolescents with Depression
Published in Evidence-Based Practice in Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 2022
Lisa A. Uebelacker, Jennifer C. Wolff, Jenny Guo, Katherine Conte, Ryan Segur, Celeste M. Caviness, Hyun Seon Park, Summer Peterson, Geoffrey Tremont, Rochelle K. Rosen, Shirley Yen
Adolescent depression is increasing. Even prior to COVID, the National Surveys on Drug Use and Health found that the 12-month prevalence rate of major depressive disorder in adolescents increased from 8.7% in 2005 to 13.2% in 2017 (Twenge et al., 2019). Particularly notable was the increase in depression in girls. This increase occurred during a time in which all socioeconomic groups experienced improved access to health care (Larson et al., 2016) and when there were a number of evidenced-based treatments for adolescent depression, e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy (Weersing et al., 2017). Nonetheless, even with adjunctive pharmacotherapy, 30–55% of adolescents fail to sufficiently respond to empirically supported treatments (The Treatment for Adolescents With Depression Study, 2004). Furthermore, use of psychopharmacology to treat adolescent depression has declined since the 2004 black box warning of a possible increased risk of suicidality among pediatric patients taking SSRIs (Gibbons et al., 2007).