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Suggestion by Mystic and Religious Methods; Suggestion under Artificially Induced Hysteria—Hypnotism; Psychanalysis
Published in Francis X. Dercum, Rest, Suggestion, 2019
"Abreaction" or discharge is, however, not the only method by means of which the emotion may be disposed of. If not discharged, the emotion, in the normal individual, enters the great mass or complex of associations. It is ranged along with other, perhaps contradictory, conceptions and thus undergoes a kind of correction. For instance, after an accident, there becomes added to the memory of the danger and the lessening recollection of the fright, the memory of the subsequent rescue and the realization of the present safety. The memory of an insult is corrected by the realization of the actual facts, by the appeal to one's own sense of dignity and like procedures; and so the normal individual may, by the help of his associations, bring about the disappearance of the emotion.
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Published in Laeth Sari Nasir, Arwa K Abdul-Haq, Caring for Arab Patients, 2018
Eyad El-Sarraj, Taysir Diab, Abdel Aziz Thabet
Psychotherapy may be useful in the treatment of many patients with PTSD. Psychotherapeutic interventions for PTSD include behavioral therapy, cognitive therapy and hypnosis. Many clinicians advocate time-limited psychotherapy for the victims of trauma. This therapy usually takes a cognitive approach and also provides support and security. The short-term nature of the psychotherapy minimizes the risk of dependence and chronicity, but issues of suspicion, paranoia and trust may adversely affect compliance. Therapists should overcome patients’ denial of the traumatic event, encourage them to relax, and remove them from the source of the stress. Patients should be encouraged to sleep, using medication if necessary. Support from persons in their environment (such as friends and relatives) should be provided. Patients should be encouraged to review and abreact emotional feelings associated with the traumatic event, and to plan for future recovery. Abreaction (releasing or experiencing the emotions associated with the event) may be helpful for some patients.
Small interventions and why they work
Published in Marian Stuart, Joseph Lieberman, The Fifteen Minute Hour, 2018
Marian Stuart, Joseph Lieberman
Traditionally, a broad distinction has been made between supportive psychotherapy and explorative psychotherapy. Before we discuss the generic elements of all psychotherapies, we would like to explain the differences between supportive and exploratory therapies. Supportive therapy is designed to restore premorbid or optimal functioning (making the patient feel competent and connected), whereas explorative therapy is concerned with uncovering personality patterns underlying the etiology of disorders (why the patient does not feel competent and connected). Techniques promoted by proponents of supportive therapy include abreaction (catharsis: giving patients a chance to talk about the problem), dependency (being there for the patient), exploration of symptomatology, encouragement of more productive behavior, and resolution through clarification. Basically, to be effective, all therapeutic interventions must be supportive, helping patients to feel competent and connected.
Clinical hypnosis as a nondeceptive placebo: empirically derived techniques
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2023
This transposition of the logic underlying placebo-controlled evaluations of medical procedures to evaluations of psychological procedures is not justifiable. The purpose of using placebos in medical research is to establish whether treatment effects are due to the physical properties of the treatment or to psychological factors. We do not need research to answer this question for psychological treatments. Of course, psychotherapy is a placebo, as that term is used in pharmacological research. It matters not whether its effects are due to abreaction, insight, ego strengthening, unconditional positive regard, hypnosis, response-contingent reinforcement, extinction of maladaptive conditioned responses, alterations of dysfunctional cognitions, acquisition of coping skills, or changes in expectancy. All of these are psychological factors. Hence, within the context of medical research, they are all placebo factors.
The Mindfulness-Based Phase-Oriented Trauma Therapy (MB-POTT): Hypnosis-informed mindfulness approach to trauma
Published in American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 2020
During this phase of MB-POTT spontaneous abreaction, i.e., an unexpected revivification of traumatic memories accompanying intense emotional and/or somatic arousal, may occur. Because it terrifies the client (and often the therapist) and requires immediate management (van der Hart & Brown, 1992), the therapist should be prepared to manage it effectively. MB-POTT handles this situation by way of decentering. With the therapist’s on-going active verbal support, the client decenters the felt distress by labeling it as “images,” “sensations,” or “feelings,” while continuing touch-and-return. Abreactions are, after all, no different from any other reactions. They are viewed in terms of their components and managed by persistent returning to the breath. Once decentering occurs, the emotional overwhelm subsides and the client can restore emotional and physical calm.
“I Will Have Lacked”: Rethinking Sexual Difference and Sexed Subjectivity Through Psychoanalytic Temporal Relationality
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2020
Turning to Freud’s psychoanalytic approach to time and temporal relationality, it is possible to explain, at least, the temporal desynchrony between the moment of seeing and the moment of knowing on the boy’s side, which fits well among the psychic phenomena Freud explains in terms of Nachträglichkeit. Freud develops this important idea, which forms the basis of his view of memory, causality, and time (Marion, 2011), through clinical observation. In Project for a Scientific Psychology (Freud, 1895), the term “Nachträglichkeit” was introduced to explain how a repressed memory becomes a trauma, a task urgently needing to be solved, as the repression-abreaction model of treatment put forward by Freud and Breuer in Studies on Hysteria did not have a satisfactory therapeutic effect. An emotional discharge after recalling a painful experience is supposed to remove any symptom it maintained, yet in many cases, various fairly recent memories recollected from patients lack “a determinant and traumatic force” to do so: “When our procedure leads … to findings which are insufficient as an explanation both in respect to their suitability as determinants and to their traumatic effectiveness, we also fail to secure any therapeutic gain; the patient retains his symptoms unaltered, in spite of the initial result yielded by the analysis” (Freud, 1896b, p.195).