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Familial Testicular Germ Cell Tumor
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Stromal cells are supportive cells that are separated into Sertoli cells (or sustentacular cells, which are located in the seminiferous tubules and help make and transport sperm) and Leydig cells (or interstitial cells, which are located between the seminiferous tubules and secrete male sex hormones, mostly testosterone, contributing to sperm production and maintenance of sex drive, or libido, and other male features).
Olfactory Esthesioneuroblastoma
Published in Gerd Reznik, Sherman F. Stinson, Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, 2017
The sustentacular or supporting cells are tall columnar cells with tapering bases resting on a basal lamina. They have apical nuclei, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, tonofilaments, mitochondria, lysosomes, and lipofuscin granules. Junctional complexes and terminal webs make contact between sustentacular and bipolar nerve cells. Long, thin microvilli extend from the apical surfaces of the sustentacular cells.
Testicular Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Stromal cells are supportive cells that are separated into Sertoli cells (or sustentacular cells, which are located in the seminiferous tubules and help make and transport sperm) and Leydig cells (or interstitial cells, which are located between the seminiferous tubules and secrete male sex hormones, mostly testosterone, contributing to sperm production and maintenance of sex drive, or libido, and other male features).
Neurological manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Matteo Galea, Michaela Agius, Neville Vassallo
In a mouse model, SARS-CoV-2 entry has been shown through binding to ACE2 surface proteins on supportive sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium (OE), which also co-express the protease TMPRSS2. It is important to note that ACE2 is expressed to a much lesser degree on ORN. Thus, olfactory epithelium disruption and consequently ORN damage may rather arise indirectly through lack of metabolic and physical support provided by these sustentacular cells, ultimately leading to anosmia [21,92]. Moreover, nasal epithelial cell regeneration may also be compromised as the olfactory mucosa is particularly sensitive to inflammatory cytokines released by macrophages, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha [93]. Indeed, considering that the nasal cavity of infected patients typically has the highest viral load of SARS-CoV-2 compared to other parts of the respiratory system, it may be reasonable to conclude that a highly inflammatory process may be induced in the nasal cavities which may potentially lead to OE damage [94].
The carotid body and associated tumors: updated review with clinical/surgical significance
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Nasir Butt, Woong Kee Baek, Stefan Lachkar, Joe Iwanaga, Asma Mian, Christa Blaak, Sameer Shah, Christoph Griessenauer, R. Shane Tubbs, Marios Loukas
Grossly, CBTs are well circumscribed and can have a pseudocapsule. The cut surface is typically solid with a smooth, rubbery texture. Histologically, CBTs and paragangliomas in general share a similar “zellballen” growth pattern. This refers to a well-developed nest of chief cells, surrounded by supporting or sustentacular cells at the periphery of the zellballen.17 The tumor cells are predominately chief cells with round, hyperchromatic nuclei and abundant cytoplasm.17 Unfortunately, it is not possible to predict how aggressive a paraganglioma will be based on its presenting histological features. Although the pleomorphism, notable mitotic figures, and atypical nuclear forms are common characteristics of increased malignant activity, in paragangliomas, these cellular morphologies may not necessarily indicate its aggressive behavior.
Metastatic brain carotid body paraganglioma with endocrine activity: a case report and literature review
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Xiang Wang, Xianglan Zhu, Jinxiu Chen, Yanhui Liu, Qing Mao
The patient underwent a craniotomy, and a total resection of the tumor was performed (Figure 1(f)). The tumor was hard and solid, located on the left parietal lobe, and originated from the cerebral parenchyma with infiltration of the dura matter. The tumor was surrounded by multiple thickened blood vessels with some necrosis inside (Figure 1(g)). Histopathological examination revealed that the tumor tissue consisted of clusters of chief cells surrounded by sustentacular cells arranged in nest-like, trabecular, and adenoidal gland pattern, known as so-called “Zellballen” (Figure 1(h)). The chief cells had abundant pale cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with conspicuous nucleoli, and some cells showed prominent atypia. Nuclear mitosis was easily detected, and the blood supply of the tumor was abundant (Figure 1(i)). The sustentacular cells tested locally weak-positive to S-100. The chief cells were positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin A, but negative for CK and GFAP (Figure 1(j,k)). Further, the positive percentage of MIB-1was around 15% (Figure 1(l)). The pathological diagnosis was paraganglioma.