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Face Masks and Hand Sanitizers
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Mahnoor Zahid, Maham Saeed, Izaz Ahmad, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Rizwan Ahmad
The efficacy of surgical and cotton-based masks was examined through an experiment in which face masks wearing patients of coronavirus coughed three to five times on a Petri-plate. It resulted in extremely less load of virus as compared to those not wearing a mask. When the experiment was performed with surgical masks, reduction from 3.53–3.26 log copies per ml had been seen, while in the case of cotton masks reduction of 2.27 log copies per ml had been observed. However, no clue of virus presence has been found at the inner surface of the masks, but 2.76 and 2.21 log copies per milliliter has been seen on the outer surface showing the inefficiency of both cotton and surgical masks against the virus. The performed research was criticized for many reasons; such as basically the masks have been specifically developed to restrict the viral transmission when a person is coughing, singing, breathing, speaking, and sneezing. Because it is always recommended to cover the mouth while sneezing or coughing, some other steps must be carried out in view of the above perspective to enhance their overall effectiveness [19].
Modes of Transmission of Coronavirus
Published in Ram Shringar Raw, Vishal Jain, Sanjoy Das, Meenakshi Sharma, Pandemic Detection and Analysis Through Smart Computing Technologies, 2022
Mohd. Faiz Saifi, Colin E. Evans, Neha Gupta
Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 have zoonotic origins having fast human-to-human transmission. Like cold and flu, SARS is also transmitted from an infected person by coughing and sneezing through droplet transmission or via stool. As per the recent reports SARS-CoV-2, have been detected in the stool of infected person which gives the evidence of gastrointestinal infection and it also suggests that this virus is transmitted to human by contaminated food or feces-oral route. Many researchers believed that this virus is transmitted to the person upon prolonged exposure to viruses; it may be because of droplets by the infected person like sneezing, and coughing [61].
Applications of AI, IoT, IoMT, and Biosensing Devices in Curbing COVID-19
Published in Fadi Al-Turjman, AI-Powered IoT for COVID-19, 2020
Basil Bartholomew Duwa, Mehmet Ozsoz, Fadi Al-Turjman
The coronavirus infects persons by being transmitted from a particular host to another via aerosol, fomite, or fecal oral route. COVID-19 spreads from people’s respiratory droplets and coughing or even sneezing. According to scientists, these respiratory droplets can spread to a distance of about 1.8 meters. In other words, this can infect any individual that is exposed to this [5]. Other studies show that symptomatic individuals tend to be more infected by SARS-CoV-2. The virus is said to survive on steel and plastic surfaces for almost three days. It survives on copper for as long as four days, and on cardboard for 24 hours. The life cycle of the virus in the infected body is recorded. The virus enters the body via the nasal cavity, proceeds to the mucus membranes in the human throat, and becomes entangled to the body. The spikes make the SARS-CoV-2 replicate into various cells in the body. These cells proceed to the bronchial side of the lungs, which leads to damage of the human respiratory tract [6].
Using Protection Motivation Theory to Predict Adherence to COVID-19 Behavioral Guidelines
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2023
Gabriel Nudelman, Shanmukh Vasant Kamble, Kathleen Otto
Response efficacy. Eight protective behaviors, recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,6 were presented in random order, and participants were asked the extent to which they thought that performing each behavior reduces the risk of infection. The items were: “regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water”; “avoid touching eyes, nose, and mouth; stay home as much as possible”; “avoid close contact with people who are sick, coughing or sneezing”; “keep a distance of 2 meters between yourself and other people as much as possible”; “wear a medical mask/cloth face cover when in public or in the workplace”; “cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze (and throw used tissues in the trash) or instead use the inside of your elbow”; “in case of coughing or sneezing into your hands, immediately wash them with soap and water”. Answers ranged from 1 = not at all to 5 = to a very great extent.
Reduced forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity in children with allergic rhinitis without asthmatic symptoms
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Jue Seong Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Han Ho Kim, So Hyun Ahn, Eunji Kim, Seunghyun Kim, Wonsuck Yoon, Young Yoo
The diagnosis of AR was made by a single physician according to the ARIA guideline (14). All subjects had recurrent symptoms of sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal stuffiness or itching apart from common cold during the previous year. AR was defined as having current symptoms of rhinitis with at least one or more positive sensitized allergen. Subjects who met the following criteria were excluded: any prior history of asthma or presence of asthma symptoms, including recurrent cough, wheezing, dyspnea, and shortness of breathing, acute or chronic upper respiratory infections, anatomical nasal disorders, and previous or current specific immunotherapy. Patients who had used medications possibly affect test results, including nasal or oral corticosteroids, leukotriene modifiers, and antihistamines during the previous 4 weeks, which were excluded from spirometry and methacholine challenge tests.
Audiology practice during COVID-19 crisis in Jordan and Arab countries
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2022
Maha Zaitoun, Safa Alqudah, Hana Al Mohammad
Another study investigated the knowledge and perceptions of the novel coronavirus among healthcare workers, such as physicians, medical students, and other health professionals, from several countries including Iran, India, and the United Arab Emirates. Most of the healthcare workers reported methods, such as keeping the nose and mouth covered when sneezing or coughing, preventing contact with sick patients and regularly washing hands are effective for the inhibition of the spread of the virus. High percentage (84%) believed that COVID-19 symptoms could progress to severe pneumonia and respiratory failure leading to death. However, knowledge of both the incubation period and transmission modes was poor, with only 36.4% on the responses of virus incubation period were correct. In addition, 39% of responses regarding transmission modes were correct (Bhagavathula et al. 2020).