China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Psychocutaneous Disorders
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Kristen Russomanno, Vesna M. Petronic-Rosic
Psychiatric diseases, including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder may cause secondary delusions of parasitosis. Medical conditions, including neurologic disorders, nutritional deficiencies (e.g., B12 and folate deficiency), infections (e.g., HIV, syphilis, tuberculosis), thyroid dysfunction, anemia, malignancies, systemic lupus erythematosus, liver, kidney or pancreatic disease, and diabetes mellitus, may cause abnormal skin sensation.
Psychological and psychiatric disorders
Published in Manu Shah, Ariyaratne de Silva, The Male Genitalia, 2018
Manu Shah, Ariyaratne de Silva
So-called ‘dysaesthesia’ syndromes include a range of conditions where the predominant symptom is altered skin sensation, particularly burning and pain. This may involve the penis, scrotum or both. There is usually no sign of skin disease. The condition in men is rarely reported in the literature unlike the synonymous condition of vulvodynia in women. There is an association with child sexual abuse in some patients. There are case reports suggesting zinc deficiency (in acrodermatitis enteropathica) may be a differential diagnosis. Reassurance is usually unhelpful but there is evidence that antidepressants may be of some benefit. As with all psychological and psychiatric problems referral to a relevant specialist may help significantly
Principles of fractures
Published in Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse, Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Boyko Gueorguiev, Fintan T. Moriarty, Martin Stoddart, Yves P. Acklin, R. Geoff Richards, Michael Whitehouse
However, in compartment syndrome the ischaemia occurs at the capillary level, so pulses may still be felt and the skin may not be pale! The earliest of the ‘classic’ features is severe pain (or a ‘bursting’ sensation) and this may be the only feature seen. Altered sensibility and paresis (or more usually, weakness in active muscle contraction) may also occur. Skin sensation should be carefully and repeatedly checked.
At-home genital nerve stimulation for individuals with SCI and neurogenic detrusor overactivity: A pilot feasibility study
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2019
Dennis J. Bourbeau, Kenneth J. Gustafson, Steven W. Brose
Electrical stimulation of the genital nerves (GNS) has the potential to reduce NDO. GNS can modulate inhibitory spinal reflex circuits, causing increased sympathetic activity as recorded in the hypogastric nerve and decreased parasympathetic activity to the bladder as recorded in the pelvic nerve in animals.4–6 The genital nerves are located subcutaneously, can be stimulated bilaterally with a single electrode, and can be stimulated with no activation of other nerves. Multiple human studies have demonstrated the acute effectiveness of genital nerve stimulation to acutely inhibit reflex bladder activity, resulting in acute improvements in bladder capacity.7–17 A recent meta-analysis indicated that subject characteristics, such as sex, injury level, injury completeness, and time since injury, do not predict the effectiveness of acute GNS to inhibit bladder activity, suggesting that this approach has the potential to be effective for any individual with neurogenic detrusor overactivity whose bladder reflex pathways remain intact.18 GNS can be tolerated and effective in persons with skin sensation.19 GNS does not correlate with increased blood pressure, and thus does not appear to be a risk for autonomic dysreflexia.20
Sensory preservation in neck dissection: outcomes of a sub-sternocleidomastoid approach
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Keigo Honda, Ryo Asato, Jun Tsuji, Masakazu Miyazaki, Shinpei Kada, Yukiko Kataoka, Akiko Taura, Mami Morita
Tactile skin sensation was evaluated within 1 week of surgery. Based on the course of cutaneous branches of CNs, four anatomical areas were tested: the tip of the ear tab (for greater auricular nerve); submandibular area approximately 2 cm lower than the edge of mandibular bone and 3 cm anterior to the mandibular angle (for transverse CN); lateral neck area approximately 1/3 of the height of neck along the posterior edge of the SCM (for upper branches of supraclavicular nerves); and the sub-clavicular area approximately 3 cm lower than mid-clavicular point (for lower branches of supraclavicular nerves) (Figure 3). The tip of a thin cotton swab was placed lightly on the skin and oscillated slowly to check the tactile sensation of the patient. Sensation was recorded as ‘preserved’ or ‘lost’. If sensation was impaired but present, the result was recorded as ‘preserved’. Sensory preservation rates were calculated in each tested area. Sensory outcomes were compared between necks with ‘CN rootlet-preserved’ and ‘CN rootlet-resected’ to verify the fundamental importance of CN rootlets. Following this, we evaluated whether the ‘sub-SCM approach’ had more favorable results when compared with the conventional ‘subplatysmal approach’ in CN rootlet-preserved neck dissections.
Corset trunkoplasty is able to preserve postoperative abdominal skin sensation in massive weight loss patients
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Kathrin Bachleitner, Maximilian Mahrhofer, Friedrich Knam, Thomas Schoeller, Laurenz Weitgasser
Farah et al. report a statistically significant number of patients with decreased sensibility in various sensibility modalities in the hypogastric area, inferior to the umbilicus, after conventional abdominoplasty surgery. Decreased sensibility to hot and cold temperature was observed in the pubic area, and the sensibility to pressure decreased significantly in all areas of the abdomen when compared with a control group [20]. These results were confirmed by various other studies. Fels et al. report a significant difference (p < 0.05) between people without surgery and those who had undergone a classic abdominoplasty for all regions tested. The regions of the abdominal skin surrounding the umbilicus presented the highest index of analgesia and thermal anesthesia, as well as higher cutaneous pressure thresholds. This significant reduction in all qualities of sensation are still present up to an average of 6.8 months after surgery [19]. Novais et al. report that at 3.5 years after surgery, a high percentage of patients still did not recover touch (26%), pain (44%) or sensibility tested by the Semmes-Weinstein 5.07/10-g monofilament (68%). A considerable proportion of patients (68%) still presented sensibility alterations in the infraumbilical area 3.5 years after the abdominoplasty operation [17]. Presman et al. report abnormal abdominal skin sensation in 81% of patients, including hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity. Many patients were not (32%) or only minimally (44%) affected by sensory abnormalities, but (24%) were at least moderately bothered of which 7% were bothered a lot [24]. Even if an abdominoplasty with preservation of scarpa’s fascia was performed, no significant difference of sensation in the lower abdomen could be found compared to conventional abdominoplasty techniques [18].