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Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
SHBG levels decreased by:Drugs: glucocorticoids, testosterone, anabolic steroidObesityHypothyroidismCushing disease, acromegalyNephrotic syndromeInsulin resistance
Factors determining androgen levels in aging males
Published in Barry G. Wren, Progress in the Management of the Menopause, 2020
In how far the changes in diet induce changes in insulin secretion and plasma levels is not clear from these studies. It has been reported that low SHBG levels are a risk factor for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDMM)34.
Pregnancy-Related Proteins Detected by Immunochemical or Physicochemical Methods
Published in Gábor N. Than, Hans Bohn, Dénes G. Szabó, Advances in Pregnancy-Related Protein Research, 2020
Bohn was the first to prepare an antiserum to SHBG and to use immunochemical methods for the quantitation of this protein. Normal men showed serum SHBG concentrations ranging from 1 to 12 mg/l, with a mean value of 4 mg/l. In nonpregnant women, levels ranged from 3 to 15 mg/l, with a mean value of 8 mg/l.32 During pregnancy, the serum SHBG levels increase to a maximum at the 28th week of gestation with mean values of 76 mg/l, thereafter remaining constant until birth.41 These levels are approximately 20 times higher than those of the ligands testosterone and 17-β-estradiol. In the fetus, SHBG levels are much closer to the combined concentrations of the ligands.33
An evaluation of the available pharmacotherapy for the treatment of hirsutism
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Leila Asfour, Ahmed Kazmi, Rodney Sinclair
Summary of current testing guidelines as per the Endocrine Society [48]: Test androgen levels in all women presenting with hirsutism. We recommend obtaining the free androgen index, which is a ratio between Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) and total testosterone. SHBG can be reduced in patients with obesity and/or hyperinsulinism.We suggest screening hyperandrogenemic women for Non-Classical Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (NCCAH) by measuring early morning 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in the follicular phase or on a random day for those with amenorrhea or infrequent menses. In hirsute patients with a high risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (positive family history, member of a high-risk ethnic group), we suggest this screening even if serum total and free testosterone are normal.Avoid testing androgens in eumenorrheic women with unwanted local hair growth and normal hirsutism score.
The association between serum sex hormone-binding globulin changes during progestin-primed ovarian stimulation and embryo outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Kai Deng, Kui Fu, Yueyue Hu, Ying Zhang, Changjun Zhang
SHBG, a homodimer glycoprotein, primarily binds steroid hormones such as testosterone and estradiol, regulates their biological availability in plasma and reduces the hormone metabolic clearance rate [10]. SHBG is secreted primarily by the liver, but it is also synthesized by other tissues, such as the human ovary, testis, uterus, prostate, breast, and brain. SHBG production in hepatocytes and serum SHBG levels regulate mainly the HNF-4α gene [11]. Daulat et al. found that HNF-4α may be involved in regulating the metabolism of follicles in cows [12], maintaining the normal function of mitochondria, providing energy for the development of oocytes and embryos, and ensuring the completion of fertilization and embryonic development. They also demonstrated that the HNF-4α downstream target genes TTR and PPL were upregulated with FSH co-stimulation and that the TTR and PPL genes play an active role in ovarian follicle development [12]. Therefore, we speculate that there is a relationship between SHBG and oocyte quality.
Efficacy and Safety of Nutraceutical on Menopausal Symptoms in Post-Menopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2022
Teerapong Rattanatantikul, Mart Maiprasert, Pansak Sugkraroek, Akkarach Bumrungpert
Blood samples were collected by a registered nurse after an overnight fast at baseline, half-way through the intervention (6 weeks) and at the end of treatment (12 weeks) for biochemical assessments. Parameters for evaluating the safety of the treatment included markers for kidney and liver function, as well as levels of serum hormones (FSH, LH, Estradiol, and SHBG). FSH was measured by an immunoradiometric assay (Arslan et al. 2003). LH was measured by radioimmunoassay (Wheeler 2013). Estradiol was measured by standard immunoassay (Rosner et al. 2013). SHBG was measured by chemiluminescent assay (Dittadi et al. 2013). Kidney function was assessed by determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr). Liver function was assessed by determination of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Fasting blood glucose was determined by the glucose oxidase method (Duxbury 2004). Lipid profiles were determined by an enzymatically colorimetric assay (Thongoun et al. 2013). An anti-inflammatory marker, human serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was determined by the latex immunoturbidimetry assay (Horiuchi et al. 2010). All biochemical analyses were carried out at N Health Asia Lab, Bangkok, Thailand, a medical laboratory with ISO15189:2007 certification.