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ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF Hypericum mysorense Heyne
Published in V. R. Mohan, A. Doss, P. S. Tresina, Ethnomedicinal Plants with Therapeutic Properties, 2019
V. Sornalakshmi, P. S. Tresina, K. Paulpriya, V. R. Mohan
The levels of serum total protein, albumin, and globulin were found to be decreased in this study. This decrease in diabetic rats may be ascribed to (1) decreased amino acid uptake, (2) greatly decreased concentration of variety of essential amino acids, (3) increased conversion rate of glucogenic amino acids to carbon dioxide and water, and (4) reduction in protein synthesis, secondary to a decreased amount and availability of mRNA (Ahmed, 2005). Alloxan-induced diabetic rats manifest a negative nitrogen balance related to enhanced proteolysis particularly in the muscles coupled with lowered protein synthesis. The accelerated proteolysis of uncontrolled diabetes occurs as a result of deranged glucagon-mediated regulation of cyclic AMP formation in insulin deficiency (Dighe et al., 1984). This readily account for the observed decrease in the total protein content in DM. On administration of H. mysorense extracts, there was significant increase in the level of the total protein in serum. This increase in the protein levels might be due to the increase in glucose uptake in the cells and increase in the formation of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. The result is in accordance with many researchers such as Rajagopal and Sasikala (2008), Sharma et al. (2010), and Basha and Subramanian (2011).
Principles of Clinical Pathology
Published in Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard, Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Niraj K. Tripathi, Jacqueline M. Tarrant
Serum total protein concentration is approximately 0.3 to 0.5 g/dL lower than plasma total protein concentration because it does not include fibrinogen and other clotting factors consumed during clot formation. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, a labile storage reservoir of amino acids, and a transport protein for plasma constituents that lack specific transporter proteins, including many drugs that bind to it. Globulins are a heterogeneous population of proteins that include clotting factors, transport proteins (e.g., transferrin for iron and haptoglobin for hemoglobin), mediators of inflammation (e.g., complement), acute phase proteins, enzymes, and immunoglobulins. Globulins are loosely categorized by their electrophoretic migration pattern as α, β, and γ globulins; several different proteins are present in each region of the electrophoretic pattern (Kaneko 1997). Albumin and most globulin proteins are synthesized by the liver. Lymphocytes and plasma cells synthesize immunoglobulins. Serum total protein and albumin concentrations are measured directly; serum globulin concentration is simply the calculated difference between total protein and albumin.
Respiratory medicine
Published in Shibley Rahman, Avinash Sharma, A Complete MRCP(UK) Parts 1 and 2 Written Examination Revision Guide, 2018
Shibley Rahman, Avinash Sharma
Figure 12.1 gives a list of the causes of a transudative and exudative pleural effusion. The classical way of separating a transudate from an exudate is by pleural fluid protein, with exudates having a protein level of >30g/L and transudates a protein level of <30g/L. Care should be taken in interpreting this result if the serum total protein is abnormal. Unfortunately, the protein level often lies very close to the 30g/L cut-off point, making clear differentiation difficult.
Synthesis and in vivo evaluation of three fluid spray dried hybrid ciprofloxacin microparticles in Sprague Dawley rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2023
Dina Dashty Mudher, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, Sadat Abdulla Aziz, Amanpreet Kaur, Tareq Zeyad Bahjat, Hisham Al-Obaidi
On days 22 and 24 h after cessation of the last treatments, animals were deeply anesthetized using xylazine/ketamine solution. Blood samples (10 ml/rat) were obtained via cardiac puncture, and serum was collected (from half of the blood) by centrifugation (3500 rpm for 10 min). The level of serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), total serum bilirubin (TSB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (liver function tests), urea, and creatinine, total calcium, phosphate, (Kidney function tests) were determined using standard diagnostic kits. Additionally, serum levels of lipid profile include total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very low high-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglyceride (TG) were determined using a biochemical analyzer (Accent 200, Cormy, Poland) with prolactin (PCT) values using Cobas e601 (Roche, Germany).
Rare Association between Sarcoidosis and Smoldering Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2021
Brooke N. Learned, Wazhma Nasiri-Ahad, James E. Davis, Alpa G. Desai, Alan Chang
In the emergency department, initial labs revealed serum calcium of 17.4 mg/dL (reference range: 8.6–10.2 mg/dL), serum albumin 4.5 g/dL (3.5–4.8 g/dL), ionized calcium >7.3 mg/dL (4.2–5.2 mg/dL), serum creatinine 2.26 mg/dL (0.50–1.20 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen 27 mg/dL (5–20 mg/dL), serum potassium 2.9 mg/dL (3.5–5.1 mg/dL), with the remainder of the basic metabolic panel within normal limits. Liver function tests, including alkaline phosphatase, were grossly unremarkable. Serum total protein was elevated at 10.3 g/dL (6.4–8.3 g/dL) and lactate dehydrogenase was within normal range. A complete blood count revealed normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 13.4 g/dL, reference range: 14.0–18.0 g/dL), white blood cell count within range (6.57 K/µL, reference range: 4.80–10.80 K/µL) and eosinophilia on automated differential (7.5%, reference range: 0.00–3.00%). The remainder of the panel was unremarkable.
Susceptibility of young and adult rat kidneys to impacts of mosquito coil fumes
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
On the other hand, even the experiment lasted only for 4 weeks, a significant decrease in serum total protein and an increase in urine protein and microalbuminuria were observed in young and adult exposed groups. These data support the finding that longer exposure may lead to a significant decrease in body weight, as observed by Pauluhn and Mohr [19] who exposed animals for 13 weeks to coil fumes. In parallel, serum and urine creatinine, as well as urea levels showed significant elevation, especially in young exposed groups compared to adults. Taiwo Idowu et al. [9] attributed this to the affected protein biosynthesis in the liver and increased catabolism through repeated exposure to coil fumes containing components that may interfere with metabolic functions leading to metabolic derangement in liver cells [20]. The authors provided another explanation that serum total protein may be decreased due to tissue utilization of blood protein to compensate for metabolic alterations in different organs. Besides, another biomarker of protein catabolism is the significant increase in serum uric acid levels, which also could contribute to the impairment of kidney functions, as observed by Goma and Tohamy [21] in animals under oxidative stress induced by heavy metals exposure.