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Micronutrients
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Selenium (Se) is an essential micro-mineral (metalloid) for human life. Selenium exists as inorganic salts such as sodium selenite or sodium selenate which are often used for the preparation of Se supplements. Selenate is classified as toxic for the organism. In plants and animals, Se often occurs in organic forms such as selenoproteins, selenoenzymes, or amino acids. In humans, Se forms the active site of several antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, iodothyronine deiodinase, formate dehydrogenase, glycine reductase, and so on. It is also present in many selenoproteins, one of which is selenoprotein P. Se is also a component of the amino acids selenomethionine and selenocysteine, in which Se replaces sulfur (S) of methionine and cysteine respectively. Se is required for immune function and for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. At low doses, the health benefits of Se are as an immunomodulator, antioxidant, and anti-carcinogenic. Se also assists enzymes in protecting cell membranes from damage by oxidative stress. During infection, stress, or tissue injury, selenoenzymes can protect cell membranes against the harmful effects of oxidants like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or oxygen radicals (3–4, 8, 20–24).
Adipose Tissue (Adipokinome), Skeletal Muscle (Myokinome), and Liver (Hepatokinome) as Endocrine Regulators During Exercise
Published in Peter M. Tiidus, Rebecca E. K. MacPherson, Paul J. LeBlanc, Andrea R. Josse, The Routledge Handbook on Biochemistry of Exercise, 2020
Logan K. Townsend, Greg L. McKie, Hesham Shamshoum, David C. Wright
The liver plays a major role in regulating whole-body energy metabolism and contributes to both energy storage and utilization. Because of this, physiological challenges, like exercise, can profoundly affect liver metabolism (48). Similar to the bioactive signalling molecules secreted from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, factors secreted primarily from the liver that enter circulation and affect distant tissues/organs have been termed “hepatokines.” Identification of hepatokines is more recent than myokines and adipokines, and most research has focused on their role in metabolic diseases. For example, two hepatokines, fetuin-A (104) and selenoprotein P (87), are increased in obesity and contribute to the development of insulin resistance.
Vitamins and Supplements: Evidence in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in James M. Rippe, Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Jenna M. Holzhausen, Aaron D. Berman
Selenium is a trace mineral that is a key component of several selenoproteins, including glutathione peroxidase and selenoprotein P.174 It has been show n to increase enzymatic antioxidant activity and decrease lipid peroxidation at a dose of 100 mcg/day.35,175–177 Additionally, selenium may play a role in neutralizing peroxide intermediates, resulting in decreased production of inflammatory prostaglandins and leukotrienes.178 Based on these known mechanisms, it has been hypothesized that selenium may be beneficial for the treatment and prevention of CVD. However, the majority of clinical research suggests selenium is not beneficial for the primary prevention of CVD at doses of 100–800 mcg/day.179–181
Se@SiO2 nanocomposites attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity through combatting oxidative damage
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Guoying Deng, Changzhe Chen, Junjie Zhang, Yue Zhai, Jingpeng Zhao, Anqi Ji, Yingjie Kang, Xijian Liu, Kefei Dou, Qiugen Wang
Next, we wondered why Se@SiO2 nanocomposites could decrease DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Selenium is closely related to the regulation of oxidative stress. It is the main form of selenocysteine and plays a physiological role [32]. The selenoproteins that have been identified so far mainly include: various forms of glutathione peroxidase, selenoprotein P, iodothyronine deiodinase, selenoprotein W, thioredoxin reduction Enzymes and selenophosphate synthase [33], all of them were related to the balance of oxidative stress. Thus, the supporting of selenium can promote anti-oxidative stress capacity. In the present study, we found that DOX increased the ROS level dramatically, whereas Se@SiO2 could significantly inhibit the ROS production induced by DOX. Se@SiO2 alleviated the apoptosis induced by ROS. It is well-known that ROS generation is one key mechanism underlying the cardiotoxicity of DOX [6]. Enhanced ROS production leads to injuries in the myocardium, including changes which are typical in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy [6]. It was also reported that a reduction in endogenous antioxidants and an increase in free radicals were observed in the DOX treatment [7–9]. In the present study, we found that DOX increased the ROS level dramatically, whereas Se@SiO2 could significantly inhibit the ROS production induced by DOX. Se@SiO2 alleviated the apoptosis induced by ROS. Thus, the protective effect of DOX may be mainly attributable to the antioxidant property of Se@SiO2. Therefore, the same function may happen when it comes to any other drugs with same mechanism (noscapine for example) [34]. The side effects of oxidative stress can be reduced too.
The relationship between gestational diabetes mellitus and selenoprotein-P plasma 1 (SEPP1) gene polymorphisms
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Gulhan Akbaba, Eren Akbaba, Cem Sahin, Murat Kara
Selenoprotein P is encoded by SEPP1 gene. Genetic variations in SEPP1 were found to be associated with certain metabolic phenotypes. Specifically, rs146125471 and rs28919926 polymorphisms were associated to acute insulin response and rs16872762 polymorphism was associated to fasting insulin level. In a meta-analysis including three different ethnic groups, on the other hand, rs13154178 polymorphism was correlated with fasting glucose level [18].
Serum selenoprotein P in lean and obese Egyptian individuals and its relation to insulin resistance
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2021
N. A. F. El-Kafrawy, Azza EL-Bastawisy M Atta, Shimaa Abdelsattar, Shimaa Kamal El Din Zewain
Selenoprotein P is one of hepatokines family that are proteins produced by the liver and involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism [4]. Selenoprotein P (Se encoded by SELENOP) is major selenium (Se)-containing protein in human plasma and the “P” denotes its presence in plasma. Se P is synthesized mainly in the liver and secreted to extracellular fluid [5].