China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Gut Microbiota—Specific Food Design
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Aparna V. Sudhakaran, Himanshi Solanki
Postbiotics are the nonviable bacterial products or metabolites produced by the probiotic strains having biological effects on the host. It is an effective alternative method to increase the potential and functionality of each probiotic strain. Moreover, it avoids the risk associated with handling live bacterial cells. It can be developed as a novel therapy for many inflammatory diseases [72].
Targeting the gut microbiome to control drug pharmacomicrobiomics: the next frontier in oral drug delivery
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2023
Srinivas Kamath, Andrea M. Stringer, Clive A. Prestidge, Paul Joyce
Postbiotics are a new generation of gut-active supplements that consist of metabolites, biogenics, or other soluble factors excreted/produced by commensal microbes that have been shown to beneficially modulate gut microbiome composition [18]. Shi et al. explored the use of heat-inactivated Lactobacillus acidophilus to treat antibiotic-induced diarrhea (antibiotics used ranged from penicillins and macrolides) [87]. The results depicted a decreased relative risk of diarrhea (a relative risk of 1.16% versus 1.36% for control group) and reduced irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms (such as flatulence and bloating). Whilst microbial composition was not investigated, Shi et al. attributed the therapeutic impacts of postbiotics to their capacity to mitigate antibiotic-induced imbalances between commensal and pathogenic bacteria, which limits the capacity for opportunistic pathogens to bind to attachment receptor sites [87]. By restricting pathogenic attachment, postbiotics reduce pathogen-induced cellular injuries and intracellular growth of opportunistic pathogens, thus reducing the likelihood of antibiotic-induced diarrhea.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri DS0384 promotes intestinal epithelial maturation via the postbiotic effect in human intestinal organoids and infant mice
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Hana Lee, Kwang Bo Jung, Ohman Kwon, Ye Seul Son, Eunho Choi, Won Dong Yu, Naeun Son, Jun Hyoung Jeon, Hana Jo, Haneol Yang, Yeong Rak Son, Chan-Seok Yun, Hyun-Soo Cho, Sang Kyu Kim, Dae-Soo Kim, Doo-Sang Park, Mi-Young Son
One strategy for reinforcing intestinal epithelial functions is administration of probiotics, which are defined as ‘live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host’.8 Increasing evidence has demonstrated the beneficial effects of certain probiotic strains in maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal environment, protecting barrier integrity, and improving its repair after damage.9–11 Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are thought to be important probiotics in the healthy intestinal microbiota and establishing the Lactobacillus population early in life controls intestinal development and mucosal barrier functions.12 Early colonization with Lactobacillus spp. was shown to reduce the alkaline environment of the intestine, enhance antioxidant defense, increase mucus secretion, and protect the intestinal barrier by attenuating epithelial cell DNA damage.13–15 Recently, the focus of probiotic research has shifted from viable microbial cells toward postbiotics, which are the metabolites of probiotics, because of their potential health-promoting properties.16 Postbiotics produced from Lactobacillus spp. include a wide range of molecules, such as peptidoglycans, extracellular polysaccharides, secreted proteins, bacteriocins, and short-chain fatty acids, which mediate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, and barrier-protective effects on the host.17 However, the bioactivities and detailed mechanistic properties of these postbiotics are complex and remain poorly understood.
Role of the microbiota in circadian rhythms of the host
Published in Chronobiology International, 2020
Pre-, pro-, and postbiotics can be administered to modulate the interactions between the microbiota and the host or to mimic microbial functions. Probiotics are live bacteria that can provide positive health effects for the host if consumed regularly and in a sufficient quantity. Prebiotics are food components, for example, non-digestible carbohydrates that resist gastric and small intestinal digestion. They can be used to promote the growth of specific bacteria species and, therefore, alter gut microbial communities to the benefit of the host’s health. Postbiotics, on the other hand, are microbial metabolites or other bacterial components that have a defined benefit to the host. However, more research is needed to determine which benefits can be expected from each postbiotic component (Ojeda et al. 2016).