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Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Oligonucleotide Drug Delivery System
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Manish P. Patel, Praful D. Bharadia, Kunjan B. Bodiwala, Mustakim M. Mansuri, Jayvadan Patel
Thermomonospora sp., Rhodococcus sp., Streptomyces sp., Thermoactinomyces sp., and Rhodococcus sp. are some examples of actinomycetes which produced nanaoparticles. Actinomycetes are mostly used in biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, though gold, zinc, copper, and manganese are also biosynthesized. Nitrate reductase is present in Streptomyces sp. Reduce agno3 into insoluble silver metal (Table 4.3).
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Beetroot contains about 250mg/kg of nitrate (183). Nitrate itself is not considered to mediate any specific physiological function; rather, nitrate’s beneficial effects are attributed to its in vivo reduction to nitrite (NO2−), then to nitric oxide (NO), through bacterial nitrate reductases in the digestive tract from the tongue to the stomach. Nitric oxide is a multifarious messenger molecule with important vascular and metabolic functions (183).
Carbon Dioxide Sequestration by Microalgae
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
G.V. Swarnalatha, Ajam Shekh, P.V. Sijil, C.K. Madhubalaji, Vikas Singh Chauhan, Ravi Sarada
The C:N ratio plays an important role in microalgal growth. CO2 supplementation to microalgal cultures was noted to up-regulate the genes involved in nitrogen acquisition and assimilation (Peng et al. 2016). The genes encoding nitrate/nitrite transporter and ammonium transporters were observed to be up-regulated by CO2 supplementation to microalgae. In addition, the genes encoding enzymes involved in the assimilation of extracellular nitrogen into ammonium including nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase were up-regulated by CO2 supplementation (Peng et al. 2016).
l -Theanine ameliorates motor deficit, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neurodegeneration against chronic tramadol induced rats model of Parkinson’s disease
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Khadga Raj, G. D. Gupta, Shamsher Singh
This assay determines concentrations of nitric oxide based on the enzymatic conversion of nitrate to nitrite through nitrate reductase. Nitrite is reduced to NO during pathological conditions, which further reacts with the O2•− to form the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO), which is the most reactive nitrogen species (RNS). The reaction is followed by colorimetric identification of nitrite as an azo dye product of the Griess reaction. The Griess reaction is based on the two steps diazotization reaction in which acidified NO2− produces a nitrosating agent that reacts with sulfanilic acid to produce the diazonium ion. This ion is then coupled with N-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine to form azo-derivative chromophoric which absorbs light at 540–570 nm. The concentration of nitrite was expressed as μg/ml (Green et al.1982).
The concentration and health risk assessment of nitrate in vegetables and fruits samples of Iran
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Fereshteh Mehri, Ali Heshmati, Mehdi Moradi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
In the current study, the mean concentration of nitrate in stem vegetables such as leek (1070.79 mg kg−1) and root vegetables including carrot (339.50 mg kg−1) was lower than findings reported in other countries such as Taiwan by Yu et al. (2018) and Korea by Chung et al. (2003). Different parameters can influence the nitrate concentration in both mentioned vegetables. The relatively high concentration of nitrate in leek and carrot might be related to climatic condition, including low light intensity that it was considered an effective factor in nitrate accumulation (Sušin et al.2006) while a correlation between the nitrate uptake, assimilation, and irradiance, photosynthesis in the plant also can be considered. Intense light conditions can regulate the activity of the nitrate reductase and change the nitrate levels in the plant. Therefore, nitrate accumulation in the plant tissues in the autumn and the winter season was lower than the corresponded values for spring and the summer seasons (Santamaria 2006). Additionally, other reasons for high nitrate in leek and carrot might be associated with differences in species, cultivars, and genotypes (Chamandoost et al.2016).
The Association between the Preservative Agents in Foods and the Risk of Breast Cancer
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2019
Fardin Javanmardi, Jamal Rahmani, Fatemeh Ghiasi, Hadi Hashemi Gahruie, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
However, in some plant foods, the preservative content of foodstuff is originated from fertilizer (74,75), the preservatives are added to food products to delay unwanted microbiological, enzymatic, or chemical deteriorations and to prolong the food products shelf life. For instance, nitrogen is one of the crucial elements for plant growth and the main component of proteins. As an example, the quantitative and qualitative yield of the tuber is depended on the amount of nitrogen, whereas the deficiency in nitrogen can result in further decreases in tuber yield by affecting the tuber production. Nitrate is converted to nitrite by the nitrate reductase in plants; then the nitrite is reduced to ammonia and ammonium. When plants face abnormal conditions such as overuse of nitrogen fertilizer, the nitrates reductase enzyme cannot convert all nitrates, so much of it is stored as nitrates (74). The lowest and highest concentration of nitrate content in potatoes from Iran measured by HPLC method was reported as 16.72 and 792.6 ppm, respectively (75). Also, twice time lower nitrate concentration was reported for potatoes from ecological farms while compared with conventional ones (68). In this context, these variations can be correlated with differences in the amount of fertilizer used in agriculture (68,74).