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Biology of microbes
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2006
Other mechanisms of assimilating nitrogen include use of two enzymes in tandem (glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthetase) with the same net result of the formation of glutamate from α-ketoglutarate. Nitrate can also be assimilated by forming ammonia using the nitrate reductase enzyme and electrons from the reaction of NADPH + H+; the ammonia formed is then assimilated using the processes described above.
The concentration and health risk assessment of nitrate in vegetables and fruits samples of Iran
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Fereshteh Mehri, Ali Heshmati, Mehdi Moradi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
In the current study, the mean concentration of nitrate in stem vegetables such as leek (1070.79 mg kg−1) and root vegetables including carrot (339.50 mg kg−1) was lower than findings reported in other countries such as Taiwan by Yu et al. (2018) and Korea by Chung et al. (2003). Different parameters can influence the nitrate concentration in both mentioned vegetables. The relatively high concentration of nitrate in leek and carrot might be related to climatic condition, including low light intensity that it was considered an effective factor in nitrate accumulation (Sušin et al.2006) while a correlation between the nitrate uptake, assimilation, and irradiance, photosynthesis in the plant also can be considered. Intense light conditions can regulate the activity of the nitrate reductase and change the nitrate levels in the plant. Therefore, nitrate accumulation in the plant tissues in the autumn and the winter season was lower than the corresponded values for spring and the summer seasons (Santamaria 2006). Additionally, other reasons for high nitrate in leek and carrot might be associated with differences in species, cultivars, and genotypes (Chamandoost et al.2016).
Phytochemical constituents and protective efficacy of Schefflera arboricola L. leaves extract against thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2022
Ali M. El-Hagrassi, Abeer F. Osman, Mostafa E. El-Naggar, Noha A. Mowaad, Sahar Khalil, Manal A. Hamed
Hepatic and brain nitric oxide levels were determined according to the method described by Miranda et al. (2001) to measure the total nitrate/nitrite in a simple two-step process. The first step converts nitrate to nitrite by nitrate reductase. The second step by using Griess Reagents to convert nitrite to a deep purple azo compound at 540 nm. The amount of the azochromophore reflects nitric oxide amount in samples and is expressed as µmol/g tissue.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Alpinia officinarum mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via down-regulating apoptotic pathway in rats
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Zhiping Zhang, Guangda Xin, Guangyu Zhou, Qianyu Li, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Surapaneni Krishna Mohan, Dayu Wang, Feng Liu
Nitric oxide levels were estimated using the nitrate reductase colorimetiric assay method (K262-200), BioVision, USA. Nitrate was converted to nitrite using nitrate reductase which was measured using Griess reagent form deep purple colour. The colour intensity was measured at the wavelength of 540 nm and the levels of nitric oxide were calculated which directly proportional to the amount of azochromophore produced.