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Chemistry and Biology of Monoglycerides in Cosmetic Formulations
Published in Eric Jungermann, Norman O.V. Sonntag, Glycerine, 2018
In addition to the above properties, pure (>90% monoester content) monolaurin has good activity against gram-positive organisms as well as mold, yeast, fungi, and viruses. Commercial monolaurin (<60% mono content) is not antimicrobial. In the presence of chelating agents distilled monolaurin is active against gram-negative organisms, especially P aeruginosa.
Lauric oils as antimicrobial agents: theory of effect, scientific rationale, and dietary application as adjunct nutritional support for HIV-infected individuals
Published in Ronald R. Watson, NUTRIENTS and FOODS in AIDS, 2017
The American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR) did a preliminary review of the antiviral lipid monolaurin in 1987 but did not pursue this adjunct treatment modality (AMFAR office, personal communication 1994). Also in 1987, an alternative medical journal published an extensive discussion of the properties and clinical use of monolaurin.28 However, as noted above, the review by Raiten6 did not indicate use of or knowledge of monolaurin.
Antimicrobial lipids in nano-carriers for antibacterial delivery
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2020
Qianyu Zhang, Wen Wu, Jinqiang Zhang, Xuefeng Xia
It can be concluded that monolaurin and monocaprin have attracted considerable attention in research; Although proven effective in antimicrobial control, the physical properties of monolaurin such as high melting point and poor water solubility require a proper dosage form. Kaewmanee et al. intended to encapsulate monolaurin and monocaprin into dextran-covered poly(lactic acid) (PLA) polymeric nanoparticles through nano-precipitation, and found that a proper blend ratio between PLA and monocaprin has to be selected to improve the miscibility of monocaprin, meanwhile PLA/monolaurin mixture showed immiscibility [81]. To fully exploit their antimicrobial potential, it would be interesting to see if monolaurin and monocaprin could be incorporated into other nano-sized drug delivery systems to improve its property.
Sustained release gel (polymer-free) of itraconazole-loaded microemulsion for oral candidiasis treatment: time-kill kinetics and cellular uptake
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Sukannika Tubtimsri, Yotsanan Weerapol
The viscoelasticity of the microemulsion was determined to evaluate the microstructure [G′ (elastic) and G″ (viscous)] of S5 and S6 with stain in the range of 0.1%–100% (Figure 1). The G′ was higher than the G″ for both formulations and similar results were observed in S5 without ICZ (Tubtimsri et al., 2022), indicating a gel-like microstructure with an LVE of 0.1%–10% at 25 °C and 37 °C. The LVE of S6 at 25 °C was determined. A gel-like microstructure was also observed (G′ > G″) in the S6 formulation in the range of 0.1%–5% (25 °C) and 0.1%–25% (37 °C). In addition, G′ of S6 was higher compared with that of S5 at both temperatures, indicating a stronger microstructure for S5 compared with S6. For S2 and S7, no gel-like characteristics were observed in the test. These results were different compared with that of a previous study (Tubtimsri et al., 2022) in which monolaurin was loaded into SM. The G′ of the loaded monolaurin indicated a loss in gel strength compared with the blank formulation. In the present study, the gel strength did not decrease, probably because the drug did not affect the main gelling structure of the SM. Accordingly, the flow consistency (k) values of S2 and S7 were lower compared with those of S5 and S6, whereas the values of the power law index (n) for S2 and S7 were higher compared with those of S5 and S6 (Table 3). The results indicated that S5 and S6 were more viscous and flowed slower than S2 and S7. S5 exhibited the highest gel strength and viscosity. The power law analysis was also tested for the blank formulation, and the same results were observed. Based on the results, when oil, surfactant, and water are optimal, a strong interaction in the microstructure occurs with high elasticity and viscosity. In addition, we found that when using a higher proportion of P35, the microemulsion formed a stronger gel with a higher viscosity, and an oil phase located at the internal phase of the microemulsion (Alam & Aramaki, 2014).
Suggestions for Combatting COVID-19 by Natural Means in the Absence of Standard Medical Regimens
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Harry G. Preuss, Okezie I. Aruoma
Similar to the effects of a drug, Ribavirin, both oregano and monolaurin were able to destroy the ability of the virus to produce syncytial formation (Table 2). This strengthens the postulate that oregano and monolaurin can destroy lipid-encapsulated viruses.