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Psychotropic Use during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are another medication class to treat depression. No epidemiological studies are published that analyzed the safety of MAO agents during pregnancy. Only 21 pregnancies with first trimester exposure to the monoamine oxidase inhibitors are published, with an apparent increase in birth defects (Heinonen et al., 1977). It is impossible to make clinically useful recommendations because the sample size is too small.
Neurodegeneration
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
Regarding Parkinson’s disease, which of the following are true and which are false? The motor symptoms are due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurones in the SNc.Monoamine oxidase A inhibitors provide symptomatic benefit.On histopathology, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions containing alpha-synuclein are seen.Symptoms are often first seen when 30% of the dopaminergic neurones have degraded.Rigidity, resting tremor and postural instability comprise the classic triad of cardinal signs.
Movement disorders
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
The enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B is involved in the degradation of dopamine (type A degrades serotonin and norepinephrine, and is targeted in the treatment of depression – see page 162). The MAO inhibitors (MAOi) selegiline, rasagiline and safinamide have been used in the treatment of PD. The theory is that blocking this enzyme increases available dopamine within the brain (seeFigure 9.8). The specific action on MAO type B leads to a low risk of the ‘cheese reaction' or serotonin syndrome (see Box 8.1). However, there have been rare cases of serotonin syndrome with a combination of selegiline and antidepressant drugs, necessitating caution with this combination.62 Given the incidence of depression in PD, this is potentially important.
Curcumin improves the ability of donepezil to ameliorate memory impairment in Drosophila melanogaster: involvement of cholinergic and cnc/Nrf2-redox systems
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Opeyemi Babatunde Ogunsuyi, Olayemi Philemon Aro, Ganiyu Oboh, Olawande Chinedu Olagoke
Monoamine oxidase (MAO), which catalyze the breakdown of amines, is often linked to mental and neurological conditions including depression, AD, and Parkinson’s disease (Sturza et al. 2013, Adedayo et al. 2022). Depletion of monoamine neurotransmitters and increased generation of free radicals are brought on by an increase in MAO activity (as shown in Al-induced flies) (Bayir et al. 2006, Adedayo et al. 2022). There are reports that MAO inhibition offers therapeutic benefits, as this ensures antidepressant and antianxiety outcomes (Lühr et al. 2010). In agreement with earlier studies, DON and CUR significantly ameliorated the increased MAO activities in Al-exposed flies. This study was therefore able to show the anti-MAO activities of CUR + DON. However, combining CUR with low dose DON (12.5 µg/g) resulted in no significant difference in the ameliorative effect of DON alone (25 µg/g), suggesting that the therapeutic properties of DON could be conserved at half concentration in the presence of CUR.
Almond intake during pregnancy in rats improved the cognitive performance of adult male offspring
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2023
Zahra Bahaeddin, Fariba Khodagholi, Forough Foolad, Fatemeh Emadi, Fatemeh Alijaniha, Shima Zareh Shahamati, Romina Tavassoli Yousef Abadi, Mohsen Naseri
On the other hand, several enzymes and their activity level could influence the CNS performance in different aspects of learning, memory, anxiety, etc. Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B) are enzymes that oxidatively destroy several neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, dopamine, tyramine, serotonin, and some other amines [16]. Inhibition of mentioned enzymes could increase the effectiveness of neurotransmitters by elevation of their exposure time. Changing the balance in MAO-A is associated with conditions including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders [17]. Besides, increased MAO-B activity has been seen in neurodegenerative disorders [18]. It has been reported that the prevention of monoamine oxidation associated with MAO could be a target to improve cognitive state [19].
Investigation of anti-Parkinson activity of dicyclomine
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2022
Maham Sanawar, Uzma Saleem, Fareeha Anwar, Samra Nazir, Muhammad Furqan Akhtar, Bashir Ahmad, Tariq Ismail
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer which affects substantia nigra and globus pallidus in brain region followed by the destruction of dopaminergic neurons [1]. It is caused by age, genetic effects and due to the stressful lifestyle environment [2]. The onset of disease is about 1% at the age of 65 which increased to 5% at the age of 85 years [3]. Motor symptoms include bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor [4]. Non-motor symptoms are depression and sleep disorders are common [5]. There is also a significant reduction in antioxidant enzymes was observed in the PD patients which results in loss of cholinergic, nor-adrenergic and dopaminergic neurons [6]. The natural defense mechanism is provided by three primary enzymes which include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) which plays an important role in combating the oxidative stress [7]. From the last decades, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors were extensively used in the depressive illnesses, but later on, its use was decreased due to side effects [8]. MAO is involved in the process of deamination of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. This deamination resulted the aldehyde and free amine production with the generation of free hydrogen peroxide.