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The Liver and the Biliary System
Published in E. George Elias, CRC Handbook of Surgical Oncology, 2020
Postoperative hepatic dearterialization, the patient should be observed for hemodynamic stability. He should also receive 10% glucose solution and his blood sugar should be monitored. Albumin and colloids should be administered according to the patient’s needs. Coagulation studies should be repeated, specifically the prothrombin time and the activated prothrombin time. There should be no rise in the total serum bilirubin, but there is extreme rise of 15- to 20-fold in the serum glutaminic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutaminic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). There is also a rise of fivefold in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Such elevated levels will return to the preoperative levels within 1 week and almost to the normal levels within 10 days to 2 weeks.
Hemolytic Anemias: General Considerations
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
7. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH is elevated in hemolysis. The LDH-2 isoenzyme is the major contributor to this elevation. The normal extent of elevation is two to three times the upper limit of normal; microangiopathic hemolysis in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura may be associated with LDH levels 10-fold higher than the upper limit of normal.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and thyroid lymphoma
Published in David S. Cooper, Jennifer A. Sipos, Medical Management of Thyroid Disease, 2018
Ashish V. Chintakuntlawar, Keith C. Bible
Routine serum chemistries and hematologic studies are usually normal. Lactate dehydrogenase may be elevated. Thyroid function testing may disclose subclinical or overt hypothyroidism, and serum antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies are often positive.
Analysis of clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ARDS caused by community-acquired pneumonia in people with different immune status
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2022
Zhipeng Cheng, Qiang Zhu, Jingyi Chen, Yanan Sun, Zhixin Liang
Lactate dehydrogenase (>396.4 IU/L) and APACHE2 score (>16.5) were independent risk factors for 28-day in-hospital mortality in the immunocompromised group. Lactate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in cellular metabolic processes and it is present in almost all body cells, with high levels in the heart, liver, lung, muscle, kidney, and blood cells. It has been reported that the increase of serum LDH content has a certain value in the evaluation of ARDS, sepsis conditions, and prognosis [36,37]. In addition, many studies have concluded that serum LDH levels are associated with poor prognosis in immunocompromised patients [38].In the study, we found that serum LDH levels were higher in the immunocompromised group than in the immunocompetent group and the value of LDH was correlated with the prognosis of patients with ARDS, which is consistent with the conclusions of other studies [39],and LDH may be a reliable indicator for prognostic assessment of ARDS in immunocompromised patients. The APACHE II score is the most widely used system for evaluating critical illnesses and contains a variety of critical illness indicators, and most of the current findings suggest that the higher the score, the more severe the disease [40], which is the same as the results of this study. It is worth noting that the APACHE II score will change with the effect of treatment and needs to be evaluated dynamically in real-time, and the score lacks specificity for critical illness, so it is recommended to combine it with patient history and other indicators in clinical practice.
Delayed therapy initiation for a case with congenital leukemia with transient spontaneous regression
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Kosuke Tamefusa, Satoshi Sunada, Yusei Nakata, Hirokazu Agawa, Ritsuo Nishiuchi
Treatment of congenital leukemia has challenging diagnostic and therapeutic questions. To avoid toxicity during the neonatal period and avoid administering unnecessary chemotherapy, initial observation with supportive therapy is recommended. After stabilizing the general condition and performing immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic investigations, a decision to start or delay treatment until progression should be made. We considered that our patient was not likely to accomplish SR because of the following reasons: 1) serum lactate dehydrogenase levels were increased, 2) there was continuous neutropenia <100/μL, 3) some of the skin lesions had increased in size, 4) a KMT2A rearrangement-split signal was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization from the bone marrow, and 5) infiltration of leukemic blasts in the dermis was observed by a skin biopsy. Our management intended to initiate chemotherapy when the tumor burden was maximally debulked, and to reduce adverse effects by delaying induction of chemotherapy. Some patients with congenital leukemia in whom leukemic lesions initially regressed but later relapsed have been reported.8,9 However, few of these patients were managed as in our case by using the presence of several clinical symptoms and molecular genetic analysis in the decision to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy by delaying its initiation.
Metformin mitigates impaired testicular lactate transport/utilisation and improves sexual behaviour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2021
Victor Udo Nna, Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar, Azlina Ahmad, Mahaneem Mohamed
Lactate dehydrogenase catalyses the interconversion of pyruvate (formed as a result of glycolysis) to lactate. When formed, pyruvate can either be: (i) interconverted to alanine by alanine transaminase, (ii) interconverted to lactate by LDH, or (iii) transferred into tricarboxylic acid cycle (Yang et al.2002, Alves et al.2013b). Increased intra-testicular LDH activity and lactate level in DC group in the present study suggests that the interconversion of pyruvate to lactate was prioritised among the three possible endpoints of pyruvate mentioned above, in a bid to up-regulate lactate production. Also, increased LDH activity in DC group may be a negative feedback targeted at producing more lactate since lactate transporters (MCTs) and LDHc were down-regulated. Interestingly, treatment with metformin decreased intra-testicular glucose and lactate levels, leading us to suggest that testicular GCs utilisation of lactate may be responsible for the decreased intra-testicular lactate levels. This is so because regardless of the up-regulation of GLUT3 mRNA transcript level, glucose level decreased, and LDH activity also decreased following treatment with metformin.