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Fibroblast Growth Factors
Published in Jason Kelley, Cytokines of the Lung, 2022
Keratinocyte growth factor is produced by fibroblasts derived from skin and fetal lung (Rubin et al., 1989). The keratinocyte growth factor mRNA was found to be expressed in adult kidney, colon, and ilium, but not in brain or lung (Finch et al., 1989).
Microdermabrasion and Dermabrasion
Published in Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Kenneth R. Beer, Acne Scars, 2018
Annie Chiu, Deirdre Hooper, Katherine O. Brag
By creating a wound and inducing the three stages of wound healing (inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling), the skin is forced to renew itself, with an end goal of improved texture and coloration [3]. In the inflammation phase, platelets and extracellular matrix molecules form a fibrin clot, which by releasing chemoattractants, draws neutrophils to the wound [13]. Leucocytes adhere to the wound bed and release proinflammatory cytokines and angiogenic growth factors, attracting proliferative cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, to the site [13]. Additionally, early in the healing process, keratinocytes at the wound edge lose cohesivity as they are induced to migrate over the wound bed [13]. Keratinocyte proliferation is stimulated by epidermal and dermal release of keratinocyte growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor [13]. During the proliferative phase, activated macrophages and fibroblasts converge to create granulation tissue [13]. Presence of macrophages and neutrophils also serves a key role in fighting infection at the wound site [13]. In the final remodeling phase, transforming growth factor-β stimulates fibroblasts to become myofibroblasts [3,13]. Myofibroblasts produce more collagen types I and III and over weeks to months, granulation tissue is converted to scar tissue, inflammation subsides, and vascular structures may regress [13–15].
Time factors in normal tissue responses to irradiation
Published in Michael C. Joiner, Albert J. van der Kogel, Basic Clinical Radiobiology, 2018
In combination with the asymmetry loss, e.g. by fractionated irradiation, artificially increased stem cell proliferation rates, however, may shorten the lag time before repopulation becomes effective. This has been demonstrated for chemical ablation in human oral mucosa (20). A similar mechanism has been suggested for the increase in mucosal radiation tolerance after administration of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; Palifermin) in pre-clinical and clinical studies as reviewed by Dörr (7), and summarized in Chapter 24.
Corneal Cells: Fine-tuning Nerve Regeneration
Published in Current Eye Research, 2020
Bhavani S. Kowtharapu, Oliver Stachs
Corneal stromal keratocytes produce growth factors like hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and regulate the function of epithelial cells. In the cornea, HGF and KGF are the paracrine mediators of the corneal epithelial-stromal cell interactions159,160 and significantly increased HGF expression in keratocytes following epithelial injury contributes to modulate the wound healing response.161 Apart from its role in epithelial wound healing, HGF is acknowledged as neuroprotective162 and promote axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells during optic nerve damage.163,164 Furthermore, HGF trophic properties augment the growth and survival of sensory, motor and sympathetic neurons165,166 and thus functions as a trophic factor for damaged neurons. Given its neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties along with its increased expression following the epithelial injury, it may also be possible that stromal keratocyte derived HGF may also participate in supplementing the epithelial, stromal nerve function and regeneration during wound healing. Stromal keratocytes also produce NGF, GDNF, BDNF, NT-3 and NT-443,167 which are important for the neuronal survival, growth and regeneration.
Bioengineering commensal bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles for delivery of biologics to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract
Published in Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2019
Ana L. Carvalho, Sonia Fonseca, Ariadna Miquel-Clopés, Kathryn Cross, Khoon-S. Kok, Udo Wegmann, Katherine Gil-Cardoso, Eleanor G. Bentley, Sanaria H.M. Al Katy, Janine L. Coombes, Anja Kipar, Regis Stentz, James P. Stewart, Simon R. Carding
To test whether the delivery of a wide range of heterologous antigens into Bt OMVs was possible we compared delivery of a number of selected candidate vaccine antigens. These included antigens for the important bacterial and viral pathogens S. enterica ser. Typhimurium enterica and IAV, respectively. For a human protein we chose keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2). For S. enterica ser. Typhimurium we chose the outer membrane protein, OmpA and the SPI-2 translocon subunit (SseB) because they elicit antibody and T cell responses and confer some degree of protective immunity in mice, and because antibody responses in humans correlate with immune protection [26–34]. For IAV, the H-stalk protein H5 of the H5N1 VN/04:A/VietNam/1203/04 subtype was selected as it confers robust protection against challenge by multiple strains of IAV and can reduce lung viral titres by 3-fold [35–37]. We also chose KGF-2 because it is essential for epithelial cell proliferation and preserving the integrity of the intestinal mucosa [37], and has therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease [38].
Effects of subcutaneous injection of ozone during wound healing in rats
Published in Growth Factors, 2019
Ciro D. Soares, Thayná M. L. Morais, Roberta M. F. G. Araújo, Patrícia F. Meyer, Eric A. F. Oliveira, Rodrigo M. V. Silva, Eneida M. Carreiro, Edvaldo P. Carreiro, Verônica G. Belloco, Bruno A. L. A. Mariz, Jacks Jorge-Junior
The complex keratinocyte–fibroblast interaction during wound healing has been well related in the literature (Werner et al. 2007). In addition, in the current study, information about the FGF2 expression in epithelial cells and its interactions were provided, with dermal cells inducing high levels of myofibroblastic differentiation. In fact, the necessity to carry out additional studies that evaluate the expression of other growth factors in epithelial cells during wound healing is known, such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF)/fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7), IL-6, and GM-CSF. Some growth factors and its receptors of the FGF family have been reported in the keratinocyte–fibroblast interactions, FGF22, FGF7, and FGFR2IIIb receptor (Beyer et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2006). These interactions are fundamental for a complete re-epithelization within a shorter period for good healing. However, in this study new insights about enhanced healing induced by FGF2 epidermal expression were provided.