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An Overview of COVID-19 Treatment
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saffora Riaz, Farkhanda Manzoor, Dou Deqiang, Najmur Rahman
Monoclonal antibodies unequivocal are similarly being endeavored against SARS-CoV-2. The human monoclonal antibody has different binding sites. Some antibodies bind to confining receptor region, other human monoclonal antibodies that attach to the spike glycoprotein. Based on their binding sites, various types of vaccines have been explored. The development of hyper immunoglobulins formation is still under working to treat corona infected patients. It would be more remarkable and successfully applicable than plasma therapy. It contains recuperating serum, immunoglobulin G (IgG) of humans, and its efficacy can be increased by developing recombinant polyclonal antibodies [69, 70].
Autoimmune conditions
Published in Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman, MCQs in Neurology and Neurosurgery for Medical Students, 2022
Ibrahim Natalwala, Ammar Natalwala, E Glucksman
With regard to myasthenia gravis (MG), which of the following statements are true and which are false? It is a heterogeneous immunological disease.It is characterised clinically by the presence of ptosis, muscle weakness that improves with increased activity and worsens with rest and fatigue.LEMS is caused by antibodies binding to voltage-gated calcium ion channels in the presynaptic membrane.Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin G should be the first line of treatment in patients with MG.It is essential to check the thymus in a patient presenting with MG.
Gastrointestinal Diseases
Published in Miriam Orcutt, Clare Shortall, Sarah Walpole, Aula Abbara, Sylvia Garry, Rita Issa, Alimuddin Zumla, Ibrahim Abubakar, Handbook of Refugee Health, 2021
Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody tests are widely available; they do not identify active infection but have a good negative predictive value. They are useful when pretest probability is high, which is often the case in migrant populations. Other options include urea breath, faecal antigen and endoscopic-based tests.1–8
Efficacy of an anti-TNF-alpha agent in refractory livedoid vasculopathy: a retrospective analysis
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Demographic data and laboratory findings of the five patients are shown in Table 2. We included one male and four female patients. The mean age of the patients was 29 years (range: 16–48 years) and the median duration of livedoid vasculopathy was 7.2 years (range: 4–9 years). The skin lesions were located on both ankles and the dorsum of the feet in all of the patients. Among the patients, four had severe pain, three of whom had conscious exacerbation in summer and one developed skin lesions after fatigue. Abnormalities in laboratory findings mainly focused on examinations related to coagulation function, such as protein C, protein S, and the activated partial thromboplastin time. Mildly elevated immunoglobulin G levels were detected in one patient. On histology, endothelial proliferation, intraluminal thrombosis, extravasation of red blood cells from vessel walls and few perivascular lymphocytes infiltration were found in histopathological manifestations. Signs of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and nuclear dust were absent (Figures 1 and 2).
Matching-adjusted indirect comparison of pneumococcal vaccines V114 and PCV20
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2022
Shahrul Mt-Isa, Lauren A. Abderhalden, Luwy Musey, Thomas Weiss
All four clinical studies had serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) measured at approximately 1 month post-vaccination as the primary immunogenicity endpoint. OPA is considered a measure of functional activity of anti-pneumococcal antibodies, as protection against pneumococcal infection is primarily mediated by opsonin-dependent phagocytosis and may be the best in vitro correlate of protection [28,29]. Whether this translates to better protection in clinical practice is yet to be determined. Previous findings have been unable to demonstrate a correlation between immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) and clinical protection [30]. OPA assays carried out at BioA (Richmond, VA, USA) may have differed slightly across the three studies; however, previous studies have demonstrated concordance in OPA performance across assays from different laboratories [31]. Therefore, indirect comparisons of OPA GMTs were feasible. Conversely, because data collection windows, types of adverse events assessed, and the proportion of adverse events reported in the comparator arm differed substantially between the PCV20 and V114 studies, comparability of safety and tolerability outcomes was limited.
Modified check loss for efficient estimation via model selection in quantile regression
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2021
Yoonsuh Jung, Steven N. MacEachern, Hang Joon Kim
The second data set has the measurement of the serum concentration (in gram/liter) of immunoglobulin -- G obtained from 198 children age 6 months to 6 years. This data set was collected by Isaacs et al. [10] to provide reference percentiles for the serum concentration of immunoglobulin in children. For the same purpose, we fit the quantile smoothing splines model in (18). We repeat the cross-validation steps in Section 4.1. Specifically, the fitted model to the training data set λ which minimizes the prediction errors. We evaluate 200 values of λ whose log-transformed values are equally spaced from λ chosen under each criterion are used to find the regression coefficient estimates of (18) with the complete data set