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Magnetic Nanoparticles for Hyperthermia against Cancer
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Sivakumar Balasubramanian, Allison J. Cowin
The term “hyperthermia” means the generation of heat and in literature is limited to the application of heat for therapeutic applications. Hyperthermia has been used alongside various cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immuno-therapy, gene therapy, and surgery. Hyperthermia is a normal or simulated process that raises the temperature of a body or body part, over threshold temperature set at a specific moment by thermoregulation pattern of an organism [1, 2]. When considering cancer therapies, hyperthermia is the artificial method of gradually raising body temperature by heat acquired from external sources to kill cancer cells or preventing the spread of cancer.
Approach to the Febrile Patient
Published in Benedict Isaac, Serge Kernbaum, Michael Burke, Unexplained Fever, 2019
High degrees of fever may cause complications, sometimes severe: dehydration, febrile seizures, delirium, unconsciousness and even permanent brain damage. In elderly patients, especially those with cardiovascular or chronic lung diseases, hyperthermia may precipitate severe coronary complications, arrythmias or congestive heart failure.
Heat, cold and electrical trauma
Published in Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones, Simpson's Forensic Medicine, 2019
Jason Payne-James, Richard Jones
Hyperthermia, a condition where the core body temperature is greater than 40°C (100°F), occurs when heat is no longer effectively dissipated, leading to excessive heat retention. Its development may be associated with those who have taken prescribed drugs including some anti-psychotics and those who have taken illicit stimulants including cocaine and amphetamine and some novel psychoactive substances. These appear to elevate metabolic rate/heat production or reduce sweating. It may also occur in those with medical conditions (e.g., hyperthyroidism), or in those who are resisting restraint. It may occur in those exposed to high ambient temperatures (heat stroke) and has a high risk of mortality or morbidity, which can occur in the young and fit (exertional heat stroke) as well as the elderly and infirm (non-exertional heat stroke). Other examples may include children trapped in hot cars. Exertional heat illness is recognised within military training programmes. Autopsy findings in such cases are non-specific but can include diffuse petechial haemorrhages of serosal membranes and lung congestion as well as features in keeping with ‘shock’ and multiple organ failure in those who survive for a short period, if resuscitative measures are ineffective.
Beyond heat exposure — new methods to quantify and link personal heat exposure, stress, and strain in diverse populations and climates: The journal Temperature toolbox
Published in Temperature, 2023
Gisel Guzman-Echavarria, Ariane Middel, Jennifer Vanos
Physiologically, the thermoregulatory system balances the internal heat production and external environmental heat fluxes to maintain a stable internal temperature [1,11,12]. However, the body may or may not compensate during heat stress to return to thermal equilibrium (Figure 1). Compensable heat stress (CHS) occurs when heat loss to the environment is balanced with heat gain; hence, a steady-state core temperature can be sustained [13]. Conversely, uncompensable heat stress (UHS) occurs when evaporative cooling requirements are not supported due to environmental or other conditions (including low sweat production) that impede the body’s ability to cool [13]. In UHS, the internal body temperature rises, which can result in hyperthermia. Generally, hyperthermia is divided by degree of severity into heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and potentially fatal heatstroke, either classic or exertional [1].
Increased rate of complications in myasthenia gravis patients following hip and knee arthroplasty: a nationwide database study in the PearlDiver Database on 257,707 patients
Published in Acta Orthopaedica, 2021
William F Sherman, Victor J Wu, Sione A Ofa, Bailey J Ross, Ian D Savage-Elliott, Fernando L Sanchez
The majority of systemic complications analyzed were statistically significantly more likely and clinically relevant for MG patients relative to patients without MG. This held true for both in-hospital and at 90 days post-discharge. Despite the association of malignant hyperthermia with individuals with a known myopathy or neuromuscular disease (Wedel 1992) there was no occurrence of this complication in either cohort. It is possible the study was underpowered to discern a difference for this very rare complication. Additionally, malignant hyperthermia has a higher odds risk in children compared with adults (Rosenberg and Fletcher 1994, Rosenberg et al. 2015). Because the majority of patients undergoing total joint replacement are adults, low rates of malignant hyperthermia in this population are expected.
Combining ecstasy and ethanol: higher risk for toxicity? A review
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2021
Eefje Vercoulen, Laura Hondebrink
Following exposure to low recreational doses of MDMA (1.5–2 mg/kg oral) significant, but small, increases in body temperature (+0.4–0.8 °C) have been reported in human volunteers (for review see Liechti 2014). However, increases of several degrees, up to hyperthermia, can occur in humans, likely due to higher doses of MDMA, higher ambient temperature, or due to individual susceptibility (Mallick and Bodenham 1997; Patel et al. 2005; Davies et al. 2014). Hyperthermia is correlated to poor outcome in humans (Eyer and Zilker 2007). In both rat and mice studies high MDMA doses are often applied (5–20 mg/kg i.p), and large increases in body temperature have been reported (Cassel et al. 2004; Johnson et al. 2004; Hamida et al. 2006; Cassel et al. 2007; Hamida et al. 2007; Izco et al. 2007; Hamida et al. 2008; Pontes, Duarte, et al. 2008; Rodríguez-Arias et al. 2011; Ros-Simó et al. 2012, see Table 3, Figure 1). Following exposure to ethanol, most animal studies have reported a decrease in body temperature. Presumably, ethanol dysregulates the thermoregulatory system. In addition, the effect also depends on ambient temperature. At higher ambient temperatures, hyperthermia has also been reported. Changes in serotonin brain concentrations have been implicated in the hypothermic effects of ethanol (for review see Crawshaw et al. 1998; Wasielewski and Holloway 2001).