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The Clinical Application of 5-HT Agonists and Antagonists in Gastrointestinal Disease
Published in T.S. Gaginella, J.J. Galligan, SEROTONIN and GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION, 2020
Timothy P. Roarty, Richard W. McCallum
5-HT receptor antagonists have a minimal, if any, role in improving the kinetics of gastrointestinal motility disorders. Specific 5-HT3 receptor antagonists do not have a marked effect on upper gastrointestinal motility and are not useful in the treatment of gastroparesis. In fact, the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have actually been shown to slow colonic transit, with constipation as a predictable side effect in a dose-dependent manner.103–107 The proven utility of 5-HT3 antagonists has been in the prevention of nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and certain surgeries. Nausea is a frequent concomitant complaint in patients with disorders of gastrointestinal motility, and frequently the control of this symptom alone, even without effects on motility, can substantially improve patients’ well-being and subjective experience. Whether the benefit of 5-HT3 antagonists extends into this clinical population has yet to be demonstrated.
Smooth Muscle Function in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Published in William J. Snape, Stephen M. Collins, Effects of Immune Cells and Inflammation on Smooth Muscle and Enteric Nerves, 2020
Jan D. Huizinga, Dianne L. Vermillion, Carla Cuthbert, Stephen M. Collins
It has long been recognized that inflammatory bowel disease is associated with altered gastrointestinal motility. Early studies (reviewed previously1) showed that basal motor activity of the sigmoid colon in patients with active ulcerative colitis was substantially decreased compared to that of healthy subjects. This reduction in motor activity was more apparent in patients with active severe disease, and in some patients there was no discernible motility in the sigmoid colon. A relationship between altered colonic motor activity and diarrhea in patients with colitis is supported by the observation that the motility changes are reversible and they have been temporally associated with the presence of mucosal inflammation and diarrhea1. Furthermore, diarrhea in IBD often improves substantially when the patient is fasted, which implies that the underlying mechanisms cannot be due exclusively to a net secretory or exudative process.
Postulated Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles on Motility
Published in Edwin E. Daniel, Neuropeptide Function in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 2019
Hans-Dieter Allescher, Sultan Ahmad
A physiological action on gastrointestinal motility must involve a process which can occur under normal conditions in the control of gut motor function. Peptides or hormones which mediate or modulate this function under normal conditions can be regarded as physiological transmitters or messengers.
Prokinetic effects of Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantium extract with/without Bupleurum chinense using multistress-induced delayed gastric emptying models
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Yanrong Gong, Xiaoxia Liang, Yanting Dai, Xiang Huang, Qiaozhen Su, Yan Ma, Fenglian Chen, Shuling Wang
Accumulating evidence has proved FD is a non-organic disease. As the underlying causes of impaired gastrointestinal motility remain unaddressed, no cures are available at present and clinical care is generally limited to symptom management. Totally, prokinetic drugs are widely administered on FD patients to improve gastrointestinal disability. In contrast with mono-therapy, we pay particular attention on multidrug treatment with Chinese herbal medicines. Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantium are herbal prokinetic drugs with curative effect on DGE. In Chinese classic formula of traditional medicine, Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantium are generally prescribed with Bupleurum chinense, which is an antidepressant herbal drug. The underlying mechanism is still inexplicable in a modern scientific way.
Alfuzosin hydrochloride-loaded low-density gastroretentive sponges: development, in vitro characterization and gastroretentive monitoring in healthy volunteers via MRI
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Marwa Farrag Abd El-Aziz, Soha Ismail, Mina Ibrahim Tadros, Mohamed Ahmed Elnabarawi
Four healthy male volunteers, aged from 18 to 38 years, were invited to participate in the studies after giving informed written consents. The approval of the studies (PI 975) was granted by the Research Ethics Committee for clinical studies at Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University. According to Malcolm et al. (2000), the exclusion criteria involved (i) the suffering of severe gastrointestinal problems and/or iron-related diseases, (ii) hypersensitivity to iron, (iii) treatment with any medication that affects gastrointestinal motility, and (iv) living with pacemaker or cerebral aneurysm clips. The medical history of the enrolled volunteers was reviewed, the necessary biochemical, hematological, and laboratory evaluations were conducted, and a general physical examination was ensured. The volunteers were instructed to avoid taking any medications or dietary supplements for 1 week prior to the initiation of the studies.
Exertional-heat stress-associated gastrointestinal perturbations during Olympic sports: Management strategies for athletes preparing and competing in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games
Published in Temperature, 2020
Ricardo J.S. Costa, Stephanie K. Gaskell, Alan J. McCubbin, Rhiannon M.J. Snipe
Gastrointestinal motility can be assessed across different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. The most common measurement techniques for assessing gastrointestinal motility in exercise experimental models are gastric emptying using bolus and aspiration, radio-isotope scanning, radiopaque markers with fluoroscopy, or 13C-acetate solution administration with breath sampling; orocecal transit time (OCTT) using lactulose administration with breath hydrogen (H2) responses; and electrogastrography for gastrointestinal smooth muscle neural activity [4]. Literature relating to gastric emptying and OCTT in response to exercise have typically focused on the effect of exercise intensity, and diverse drink and (or) meal types during and after exercise, generally in short duration exercise, and in temperate ambient conditions [18]. As such, there is currently limited available data to remark on the differences of gastric emptying and (or) OCTT between exertional and exertional-heat stress. However, one study has reported a negative correlation between gastric emptying volume and Tre in response to 3 x 15 min bouts of running at 50% V̇O2max in Tamb 18°C, 35°C, and 49°C [89]. These findings suggest that increased core body temperature during exertional-heat stress may impair gastric emptying, and potentially contribute to the development of upper-GIS arising from increased gastric distension.