China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Dietary Substances Not Required in Human Metabolism
Published in Luke Bucci, Nutrients as Ergogenic Aids for Sports and Exercise, 2020
Ferulic acid is a common phenolic acid found in almost every plant.852 Gamma oryzanol, a ferulate ester of sterols found in rice bran, has also been the subject of studies. Gamma oryzanol is mostly converted to ferulic acid during digestion.852 Ferulic acid closely mimics the structure of normetanephrine, the primary metabolite of norepinephrine.852 Animal studies have found that ferulate administration can mimic effects of increased hypothalamic norepinephrine,852 such as stimulation of somatotropin synthesis by the pituitary.853–855 Infusion of 100 or 500 mg of ferulic acid (0.3 mg/kg) into heifers elevated serum somatotropin levels significantly.856 Other pituitary hormones were generally not affected.852–856
Role of Nutraceuticals in Prevention of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Plant- and Marine-Based Phytochemicals for Human Health, 2018
Pumpkin seed oil and stabilized rice bran oil afford hepatoprotection against NASH in rat model. The mechanism of action involved antioxi- dant and anti-inflammatory activity along with the reduction of liver fat and improvement of hypercholesterolemia. Both oils improved liver histo- pathological changes but pumpkin seed oil was superior in this respect where it reversed all histopathological abnormalities in liver tissue which became comparable to normal.9 The bioactivity of both oils could be related to the presence of bioactive constituents. It has been reported that rice bran oil contains stigmasterol, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, and trit- erpenoid compounds (alpha and beta-amyrin). Beta-carotene and alpha, gamma, and delta tocopherols and tocotrienols were also identified in rice bran oil. Gamma-oryzanol, policosanol (long-chain primary fatty alcohol), and oleic and linoleic fatty acids are among the important phyto- chemicals and nutrients, which are present in rice bran oil, and possess health benefits.7 Pumpkin seed oil has been reported to contain alpha and delta tocopherols, phytosterols, beta-carotene, phenolic compounds, oleic acid as monounsaturated fatty acid, and linoleic acid which is omega-6 fatty acid.11, 55, 80, 85Nanoemulsion prepared from pumpkin seed oil showed superior effect in preventing the progression of fatty liver compared to the native form of the original oil. The effect of the nanoemulsion was mani- fested in a very low dose with a sustainable action due to the increased absorption and bioavailability.10
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as Topical Delivery Systems for Antioxidants
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Carla Vitorino, Antonio J. Almeida
Gamma-oryzanol (g-O), a phytosteryl ferulate mixture extracted from rice bran oil, has a wide spectrum of biological activities, among others, its antioxidant properties either with a therapeutic or a technological function purpose. It is often used in cosmetic formulations not only as a natural antioxidant to improve the stability, but also as a natural UV-A filter in sunscreens [126,127]. However, the utility of most of these preparations has been compromised by the poor water solubility of g-O. Ruktanonchai et al. studied the effects of the incorporation of g-O into three different types of solid lipid: wax, triglycerides and a mixture of glycerides as a SLN system, and compared against the a liquid lipid (Miglyol® 812) as a nanoemulsion [128]. Comparisons were established in terms of mean particle diameter, zeta potential, particle morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE), in vitro release profile and physicochemical stability during long-term storage. Moreover, their cytotoxicity and biological activity in terms of antioxidation were still investigated. SLNs demonstrated good physical stability presenting an EE comprised between 40 and 60%, whereas a significant increase in size and decreased EE was found with NEs after 1 month of storage at 45°C. The solid lipid type chosen to produce SLNs played an important role in terms of EE and recrystallization index (RI), not impacting though their chemical stability. In particular, a decrease in the crystallinity of SLNs was observed after incorporating the g-O and low RI were found with two glycerides-based SLNs. In vitro release studies revealed biphasic release patterns in the case of SLNs, whereas a fast and much higher release from NEs was observed. This supports the ability of this type of carriers to promote a sustained drug release. The lowest cytotoxicity was observed for the wax- based SLNs. From an efficacy point of view, NEs, wax-based SLNs, and a mixture of glycerides-based SLNs were considered to enhance the antioxidant activity of g-O [128]. An overall analysis highlights the better performance obtained from SLNs.
Production of rice bran oil (Oryza sativa L.) microparticles by spray drying taking advantage of the technological properties of cereal co-products
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Nathan H. Noguera, Dyana C. Lima, José Claudio Klier Monteiro Filho, Rodney A. F. Rodrigues
Rice bran oil (RBO) is an unconventional vegetable oil source and is mostly produced and consumed in Asian countries, mainly India (Ghosh 2007; Yang et al. 2018; Garba et al., 2019). The interest in this nutraceutical ingredient is due to the presence of nutritionally relevant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and phytochemicals, especially α-tocopherol and gamma-oryzanol, a phenolic compound found almost exclusively in this cereal (Paucar-menacho et al. 2007; Jesus et al. 2010; Nantiyakul et al. 2012). The benefits of rice oil consumption previously reported to include: hypolipidemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, reduction of total cholesterol, in addition to antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and anticancer effects (Nagendra and Sanjay 2011; Lai et al. 2021).
Modeling of quantitative relationships between physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients and tensile strength of tablets using a boosted tree
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Yoshihiro Hayashi, Takuya Oishi, Kaede Shirotori, Yuki Marumo, Atsushi Kosugi, Shungo Kumada, Daijiro Hirai, Kozo Takayama, Yoshinori Onuki
As can be seen in Table 3 and Figure 1(f), the TS varied significantly by kind of API. For instance, riboflavin and norfloxacin had the highest TS values (6.780 and 6.496 MPa, respectively, at 6 kN). In contrast, metronidazole and l-valine had the lowest (0.702 and 0.952 MPa, respectively, at 6 kN). The relationships between TS and compression pressure were also investigated. TS values increased with increasing compression pressure for almost all APIs. On the other hand, a slight negative correlation was observed for several APIs, such as atenolol, gamma oryzanol, sodium salicylate, and tinidazole. Generally, the relationship between TS and compression pressure differed by composition [20]. The TS value initially rises with increasing compression pressure and gradually levels off in a high pressure range [21]. Additionally, some materials may have lower TS because of overcompaction [22]. Therefore, our results appear to be reasonable and indicate that our dataset contains a broad range of APIs.
Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer Cells by Vitamin C plus Quercetin: role of Nrf2 in Inducing Oxidative Stress
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Ali Abbasi, Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour, Ahmad Amiri, Fatemeh Keshavarzi, Negar Nejabat, Fatemeh Ramezani, Ahmadreza Sardarian, Fatemeh Zal
In the current study, it was found that PC3 cells had a higher level of ROS and exhibited lower levels of Nrf2 gene expression and antioxidant enzymatic activity. Furthermore, PC3 cells, despite their aggressive features In Vivo were found to be more sensitive to treatment with antioxidants compared with DU145 cells. Sundarraj Jayakumar et al. showed that ROS levels in PC3 cells were higher than DU145 cells, while the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to its oxidized form (GSSG) was lower. However, after exposure to radiation, the amount of GSH storage in the PC3 cells decreased faster than DU145 cells (36). The basal level of KEAP1 protein, which is the major inhibitor of Nrf2 inside the cells, is higher in PC3 cells than in DU145 cells, which indicates higher Nrf2 activity in DU145 cells. There were alterations in the expression of Nrf2 gene and its downstream antioxidant enzymes, after exposure to radiation between these two cell lines, which further emphasizes the intrinsic differences between these cell lines (36). In another study by Papavadee Klongpityapong et al. investigating the effect of gamma-oryzanol as an antioxidant on prostate cancer cells, the level of IC50 of gamma-oryzanol in DU145 cells was higher than PC3 cells. Also treatment with 0.1 to 0.5 mg/ml of gamma-oryzanol for 14 day caused further reduction of GPx gene expression, GSH level and catalase activity in PC3 cells in comparison to DU145 cells, indicating higher resistance to antioxidant therapy, which is in line with the findings of the present study (37). Treating PC3 and DU145 cells with different doses of Q (25 and 50 μM) for 8 day significantly inhibited the ability of these cell lines to form a colony compared with BG-9 cells (normal skin fibroblast cells). This inhibitory effect was higher in PC3 cells compared with DU145 cells (38). In another study, it was found that treating PC3 and DU145 cells with 40 µM of Q for 72 h resulted in cell death and apoptosis in these cell lines, and the percentage of necrotic cells in the PC3 cell line was higher than in the DU145 cell line (35.3% and 22% respectively) (39). Several studies have so far shown the effect of Q on Nrf2 gene function. Low doses of dihydroquercetin (derivatives from Q) increased the accumulation of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus and increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Subsequent silencing of the Nrf2 gene using siRNA however, canceled the effects of Q treatment, emphasizing the chief regulatory role of Nrf2 in prostate cancer therapy (40). It has been shown that miR-28, miR-153 and miR-708 are natural parts of the intracellular regulatory network of the Nrf2 gene and their increased expression reduces and restricts the expression of Nrf2 gene. Simultaneous treatment of Bovine Granulosa cells subjected to H2O2-induced oxidative stress, with Q at 10 µM led to an increase in gene expression and protein levels of Nrf2 and decreased miR-28, miR-153 and miR-708 expression. A finding that suggests a relationship between Nrf2 and miR-28, miR-153 and miR-708 gene expression and the indirect role of Q in regulating Nrf2 gene expression (28).