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Work-related stress
Published in Janet Thomas, Understanding and Supporting Professional Carers, 2021
The stresses that we can expect to encounter in daily life come from a variety of sources, and are relevant to everyone, including health and social care workers. They include the following: environmental stress (e.g. excessive noise, heat, cold, passive smoking)physical tirednessill healthfinancial worriesfamily relationshipsconflict of spiritual or moral values.
Antidepressants: Predicting Response/Maximizing Efficacy
Published in Mark S. Gold, R. Bruce Lydiard, John S. Carman, Advances in Psychopharmacology: Predicting and Improving Treatment Response, 2018
Irl Extein, A. L. C. Pottash, Mark S. Gold, Richard Goggans, R. Bruce Lydiard
Thus, the question of psychotherapy vs. drugs is often a false one. Rather, the questions which should be asked are: for what symptoms or incapacities is this patient being treated? At what stage of the illness are different treatments most effectively used? The answers may result in a treatment plan that includes an initial attempt to deal with environmental stress, then antidepressant medication to relieve the neurovegetative symptoms and depressed mood, followed by psychotherapy when the patient has improved enough to be able to explore the issues which may have precipitated the depression. The continued use of medications as prophylaxis against recurrent episodes of depression or mania must be considered in a separate category.
The Xanthophyll Cycle
Published in Ruth G. Alscher, John L. Hess, Antioxidants in Higher Plants, 2017
Barbara Demmig-Adains, William W. Adams
Over a range of photon flux densities (PFD) from darkness to low light, light limits photosynthesis, and is, therefore, nonexcessive (Figures 1A and 2). As PFD continues to increase, however, photosynthesis begins to saturate with respect to the photons being absorbed by chlorophyll, and light becomes excessive. The PFD at which the transition from limiting to excess light occurs depends strongly on the species and the growth and/or environmental conditions. Leaves with high maximum rates of photosynthesis typically show this transition at higher PFDs than do leaves with lower maximum rates of photosynthesis. Figure 3 shows light-response curves of photosynthesis and of the ratio of PFD to photosynthesis (a measure of the degree of excess light) for a sunflower leaf with a high maximum rate of photosynthesis and an ivy leaf with a low maximum rate of photosynthesis. The degree of excess light experienced by these two leaves at any given PFD is quite different. Furthermore, environmental stresses that depress the rate of photosynthesis can increase the amount of excess light that is absorbed by a leaf, even at a constant incident PFD. Such environmental stresses can include low temperatures, high temperatures, water stress, salinity stress, nutrient stress, and other stresses. (See Powles2 and Demmig-Adams and Adams.3)
Mental health impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on US college students: Results of a photoelicitation project
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2023
Reilly Olson, Rylin Fryz, Judith Essemiah, Miranda Crawford, Adedipupo King, Babasola Fateye
Environmental stress is broadly-defined to include everything outside of academics, that could affect the student including the physical condition of their home or alternate living environment and relationships with others therein.9,44 Environmental stress (from messy living conditions and changes in living environment) has been associated with academic stress and maladaptive coping in students.9 Respondents in our study reported a “negative home experience” and “disorganization of mind and environment.” Contrary to findings in Chinese college students that suggested that living at home with family is associated with better mental health during the pandemic5, respondents were eager to return to campus – to escape from environments they deemed abusive or “like high school”. Although many pictures depicted physical spaces that students identified as disorganized and distracting, we posit that students’ perceived or real lack of autonomy at home may be the proximal antecedent that makes respondents vulnerable to environmental stress. Late adolescents and young adults continually negotiate between the desire to be socially connected with peers and family, and a need to be individual; college offers the space to autonomously do so.45 The importance of this autonomy to students may explain why, despite the presence of leisurely items (electronics, board games, etc) and of others, students sought to return to campus (Figure 2B and C).
Chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation impacts the processing of glycoprotein N-linked glycans in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Yeni Natalia C. Perez-Gelvez, Shem Unger, Simone Kurz, Katelyn Rosenbalm, William Matthew Wright, Olin E. Rhodes, Michael Tiemeyer, Carl W. Bergmann
Modern technologies employ ionizing radiation (IR) in medical tests, radiotherapy, agricultural, nuclear power, and weapons development (Morgan and Bair 2013; Desouky et al. 2015). The use of IR has become more common in a variety of fields and can be considered as a class of environmental pollutants with potentially adverse impacts on the health of humans and wildlife. Organisms in turn adapt to the addition of this environmental stress factor. IR can affect cells through direct action by breaking one or both DNA strands (most frequently at high/acute exposures), or indirect action via the creation of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals through the radiolysis of the water inside the cell (Saha 2012) (the probability of which increases during exposure to low levels of IR). Both mechanisms result in chemical changes (e.g. oxidative alterations to DNA, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidation) which lead to biological damage (Mahaney et al. 2009; Azzam et al. 2012; Spitz and Hauer-Jensen 2014). Based on the higher relative abundance of water molecules compared to genomic DNA inside cells, chemical damage from low-dose, chronic exposure most probably derives primarily from reactive oxygen species.
Social isolation in mice: behavior, immunity, and tumor growth
Published in Stress, 2021
Dan Farbstein, Nurit Hollander, Orit Peled, Alan Apter, Silvana Fennig, Yael Haberman, Hila Gitman, Isaac Yaniv, Vered Shkalim, Chaim G. Pick, Noa Benaroya-Milshtein
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is of the most characterized reactions to environmental stress. Its psychological features are accompanied by neuroendocrine changes, one of which is decreased reactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (Sherin & Nemeroff, 2011) Etiologically, PTSD may be explained by the’two hit hypothesis’, according to which the first hit occurs inearly life and disrupts normal brain developmental and maturational processes, and a second hit,usually an environmental stressor leads to the onset of the mental disorder (Lim et al., 2012). Pynoos et al. demonstrated the applicability of the ‘two hit hypothesis’ to PTSD in an animal model (Pynoos et al., 1996). In a previous study, our group used the stress paradigm, in whichelectric shock with reminders were used as a model of post-traumatic stress (Benaroya-Milshtein et al., 2004; Pynoos et al., 1996).