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Gut Microbiota—Specific Food Design
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
Aparna V. Sudhakaran, Himanshi Solanki
Dietary habits affect the composition of intestinal microbiota instantly. When we compare the three major enterotypes in the gut Prevotella, Bacte- roides, and Ruminococcus, the composition significantly varied according to the dietary pattern. Prevotella is found significantly in vegan diet [11, 19, 35]. Bacteroides are prevalent in animal protein and saturated fat [37, 75] and Ruminococcus is largely found in fruit and vegetable-rich diet [74]. The dietary habits can have quick influence on the composition of the intestinal microflora.
Probiotics in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Published in Marcela Albuquerque Cavalcanti de Albuquerque, Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Raquel Bedani, Lactic Acid Bacteria, 2020
Larissa S Celiberto, Bruce A Vallance, Daniela CU Cavallini
The intestinal microbiota is a collective term used to describe all the microorganisms within the gut, and this microbial community along with their genes are known as the intestinal microbiome. Although the human gut microbiome is a very diverse ecosystem with hundreds of different microbial species, it has been suggested that most individuals share a dominant core of species, thus indicating considerable dominance and inter-individual stability of microbes across humans (Qin et al. 2010). Moreover, microbiome sequencing data from different subjects around the world suggests that people are stratified into three major clusters of bacteria referred to as enterotypes (i.e., Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus) (Arumugam et al. 2011). The distinct enterotypes and their metabolic activity may help explain the different responses to dietary and drug interventions often found in humans.
Impact of Dietary Polyphenols on Arterial Stiffness
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Tess De Bruyne, Lynn Roth, Harry Robberecht, Luc Pieters, Guido De Meyer, Nina Hermans
Non-hydrolyzed polyphenols reach the colon, where they are metabolized by the colonic microbiota, whose phenolic metabolites may act as the true pharmacological agents (Zhang and Tsao, 2016). The microbial composition of the intestine seems to have great relevance for the individual response to these compounds, resulting in a personal specific metabotype or enterotype. This is, for instance, illustrated in the biotransformation of some isoflavones into equol, suggested to have higher efficacy than the parent compound. Only about 30% of the Western population and 60% of Asian subjects can produce equol and have more beneficial health effects from soy consumption, due to the presence of specific bacteria in the gut (Costa et al., 2017).
The interplay of gut microbiota between donors and recipients determines the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Ruiqiao He, Pan Li, Jinfeng Wang, Bota Cui, Faming Zhang, Fangqing Zhao
To elucidate why patients suffering from different diseases exhibited similar enterotype clustering, we first measured the associations between enterotype and different clinical factors in patients, and found no significant difference in IBD patients (chi-square test, p > .2, Supplementary Figure S3), except for the factor “corticosteroids history” (chi-square test, p = .02, Supplementary Figure S3h). It indicates that some medications, like corticosteroids, may contribute to shaping patients’ enterotype as RCPT/B. We next explored the microbiota diversity between the two enterotypes, and found that alpha diversity was significantly lower in RCPT/E than in RCPT/B and healthy donors regardless of disease category (Wilcoxon test, p < .005) (Figure 1f), indicating a much more disturbed microbiota in RCPT/E patients. By exploring the differential abundances of the 14 enterotype-characteristic bacteria conserved across diseases, we found that certain bacteria (e.g. Enterobacter and Citrobacter) tended to be present in the upper gastrointestinal tract, featuring lower pH and higher oxygen levels,37 and they were enriched in RCPT/E instead of RCPT/B (Figure 1g), which have been reported to be associated with diarrheal symptoms.38,39 Taken together, these results illustrate that enterotype-based analyses can be used to characterize and differentiate the gut microbiota of different IBD and CDI patients.
Blautia—a new functional genus with potential probiotic properties?
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Xuemei Liu, Bingyong Mao, Jiayu Gu, Jiaying Wu, Shumao Cui, Gang Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen
According to reports, the human intestinal microbial community can be divided into three “enterotypes,” namely, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus, among which the Ruminococcus type is mostly driven by related groups of the order Clostridiales, Blautia, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae.31Blautia is widely distributed in mammalian feces and intestines. For example, B. hydrogenotrophica and B. stercoris were first isolated from human feces;14,19B. wexlerae and B. luti were found to be the most abundant of the Blautia spp. and are considered among the dominant species of the human intestine;32B. coccoides was first isolated from the feces of mice fed a high-lactose diet;12B. glucerasei was isolated from the feces of dogs;18 and some species such as B. producta and B. schinkii were even isolated from sewage and rumen.17,33 These findings indicate the importance of the survival and evolution of Blautia in the gut and other microenvironments.
Probiotic-directed modulation of gut microbiota is basal microbiome dependent
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Qiangchuan Hou, Feiyan Zhao, Wenjun Liu, Ruirui Lv, Wei Wei Thwe Khine, Jia Han, Zhihong Sun, Yuan-Kun Lee, Heping Zhang
Population stratification is a useful approach for better understanding complex biological problems in human health and wellbeing. The hypothesis that this stratification approach applies to the human gut microbiome, in the form of distinct community composition types termed enterotypes, was evaluated in this study. This indicated that variation in the gut microbiota of healthy Asian adults clustered into two enterotype groups that were driven by trade-offs between P. copri/F. prausnitzii and F. prausnitzii/B. dorei. For the first time, we defined the bacteria that were representative of each enterotype at the species level. This is an advance on previous studies that were limited by the length of sequencing technology and could only identify gut representative bacteria at the genus level.34–36 Although not statistically significant, we found some differences in dietary habits between the PF and FB enterotypes. For example, PF enterotypes consumed wheat, rice, eggs, fruits and seafood more frequently than FB enterotypes. Staple foods were their main source of carbohydrate. Previous studies have shown that the PF enterotypes were strongly dependent on carbohydrates in the diet.37,38 In addition, eggs and chickens are known to contain high concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin B5, and that fruits and seafood are part of the Mediterranean diet, all of which favor the growth of Prevotella in the gut.39,40 Our results are in accord with the notion that diet plays an important role in shaping an individual’s enterotype.