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Women With Co-occurring Disorders
Published in Tricia L. Chandler, Fredrick Dombrowski, Tara G. Matthews, Co-occurring Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders, 2022
Tricia L. Chandler, Tara G. Matthews, Fredrick Dombrowski
Young women who are pregnant and mothers to small children have additional barriers to treatment that put their children and fetuses at risk for many physiological and psychiatric issues due to being exposed to alcohol and drugs in the womb and lack of proper care, nutritional intake, and parenting skills for those children already born (SAMHSA, 2011). Women in this category can be teens or young adults and have childhood trauma histories that have contributed to mood disorders, anxiety disorders, body dysmorphic disorders, eating disorders, and interpersonal problems, along with other problems that include not being aware of or willing to use safe sex practices (Ackard & Neumark-Sztainer, 2003). Prenatal care may be minimal or non-existent, with women going to hospital emergency rooms to have their babies, and these women and their unborn babies are at great risk, which indicates a need for integrating health interventions of prenatal care into mental health and substance use treatment (Lee King et al., 2015). It may be fairly common knowledge that drinking alcohol while pregnant can lead to having babies with alcohol fetal syndrome (Alati et al., 2006), but it may be less common knowledge what the long-term adverse effects are on children who were exposed to methamphetamines, crack cocaine, heroin, or other harsh substances.
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The harmful effects of alcohol consumption and the different types of alcohol beverages have been described in the Chapter 4 of this book. Briefly, alcohol is a psychoactive substance with dependence-producing properties. According to World Health Organization (WHO), worldwide, 3 million deaths every year result from harmful use of alcohol; this represents 5.3% of all deaths (117). The harmful use of alcohol is a causal factor in more than 200 disease and injury conditions. Heavy drinking is associated with an increase in mortality, hypertension, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cancer, immunosuppression, and cerebrovascular events, including cerebrovascular hemorrhage (117–118). Frequent and excessive consumption of alcohol, especially strong alcohol (liqueurs and spirits), is harmful to health and can cause alcohol dependence, many dreadful ailments, road clashes, and violence (117–118).
Long-term care management of young people: Substance use and misuse by young people who have long-term conditions
Published in Ilana B. Crome, Richard Williams, Roger Bloor, Xenofon Sgouros, Substance Misuse and Young People, 2019
Helena Gleeson, Janet E. McDonagh
Other potential consequences of substance use include more side effects of medications, for example, taking alcohol while on methotrexate therapy for autoimmune conditions, such as arthritis, increases the risk of liver dysfunction, yet 24 per cent of YP who were taking methotrexate were also drinking alcohol (Nash et al., 1998).
Health Behavior Changes after a Diabetes Diagnosis: The Moderating Role of Social Support
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2023
The quantity of alcohol consumption was measured by the question, “in the last three months, on the days you drink, about how many drinks do you have?” Due to the skewed distribution (skewness = 5.98), the number of alcohol consumption was log transformed before the analyses (skewness = 0.95 after transformation). Further, in order to perform sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the findings, the number of drinks were dichotomized into two categories (0 = no or moderate drinking, 1 = excessive drinking) based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020–2025.23 According to this guideline, moderate drinking is defined as 2 or fewer drinks per day for men and 1 or fewer drinks per day for women. The dichotomized variable was used for sensitivity analyses.
Willingness to intervene to protect the group from consequences of substance use
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Bridget M. Nelson, Brian E. McCabe, Ashley L. Falcon
Among young adults (18–25 years old) in college, 37% are heavy drinkers, 10% have alcohol use disorders, are both of these rates are higher than non-college populations (22% and 5%, respectively; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2019; NIAAA, 2017). Drug use is also high for young adults; 22% report past-month marijuana use (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2019), and marijuana use disorders are about five times higher (5% vs. <1%) than older adults (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2019). Heavy drinking increases risk for consequences such as academic issues, physical injuries, unprotected sex, and death (World Health Organization [WHO], 2019). Each year in the United States, over 1500 young adults die from alcohol-related injuries, nearly 700,000 students are assaulted by a student who has been drinking, and 97,000 students were sexually assaulted while drinking (NIAAA 2017). Marijuana use increases risk for lower GPA, poor class attendance, cognitive impairments, motor vehicle crashes, and development of psychosis (SAMHSA, 2019). Young adults also have high rates of using other drugs, e.g., 23% report past-year use and 10% past-month use of club drugs, including hallucinogens, LSD, and MDMA (Schulenberg et Al., 2018; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2019).
A primer on sleeping, dreaming, and psychoactive agents
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2023
Alcohol affects sleep by disrupting the rhythm of both alpha and delta waves, leading to inadequate stage three sleep that can persist for upwards of two years for those who had been physically dependent for extended periods of time (Hasler et al., 2012). Poor sleep quality is correlated with regular consumption of alcohol as well as with binge drinking (Kenney et al., 2012). The onset of the first REM sleep period is substantively delayed regardless of the amount of alcohol consumed. Further, the greater the amount of alcohol consumed, the greater the disruption to REM sleep, including an overall decrease in the total amount of REM, which can exacerbate existing mental health issues (Ebrahim et al., 2013). Also, when an alcohol-dependent person stops drinking, the withdrawal symptoms that they typically experience include restlessness and sleeplessness (Dziegielewski, 2005).