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Special Groups
Published in Vineet Relhan, Vijay Kumar Garg, Sneha Ghunawat, Khushbu Mahajan, Comprehensive Textbook on Vitiligo, 2020
Sandipan Dhar, Sahana M. Srinivas
Segmental vitiligo represents one-fifth to one-third of all vitiligo cases in children. The prevalence of segmental vitiligo in various studies ranged from 4.6% to 32.5% [2,3,12]. Studies have shown the trigeminal segment to be the most common dermatome, followed by thoracic, cervical, lumbar, and sacral [14]. Segmental vitiligo presents as unilateral lesions that do not cross the midline and generally follow the lines of Blaschko. Progression of lesions is seen more in nonsegmental than segmental vitiligo.
History of Reconstructive Surgery
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Ralph W. Gilbert, John C. Watkinson
One of the greatest developments in reconstructive surgery was the development of the dermatome. Developed in 1939 by Padgett, a surgeon, and Hood, a mechanical engineer, it revolutionized the harvesting and application of skin grafting techniques.14
Sensory Feedback using Electrical Stimulation of the Tactile Sense
Published in Raymond V. Smith, John H. Leslie, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2018
Andrew Y.J. Szeto, Ronald R. Riso
Sensory afferents from the trunk and limbs enter the spinal cord at characteristic root levels and via specific branches of major nerves. The area or slice of skin subserved by each individual spinal nerve defines the sensory dermatome that is associated with that nerve. The mapping of the spinal roots with their sensory dermatomes is shown in Figure 1. The boundary lines between adjacent dermatomes can be misleading; they are intended only to indicate the approximate midlines of overlap between adjacent dermatomes. Such overlap exists because afferents from a given skin territory may utilize several spinal roots concurrently to enter the spinal cord. Sharper boundaries called “axial lines”, however, exist between regions that are not served by contiguous spinal segments. These include, for example, the border between the upper chest and trunk as indicated by the heavier lines in Figure 1. Despite the variability inherent in producing the dermatome maps, the concept of dermatomes is useful in describing the extent of sensory deficits that can be expected with specific lesions to the spinal cord or its roots.5
Ethical questions arising from Otfrid Foerster’s use of the Sherrington method to map human dermatomes
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2022
Brian Freeman, John Carmody, Damian Grace
In 1933, the journal Brain published the Schorstein Memorial Lecture, “Dermatomes in Man,” which Professor Otfrid Foerster of Breslau had presented at the London Hospital Medical College on October 13, 1932 (Foerster 1933).1A dermatome is the area of skin that is innervated by the sensory nerves associated with a single spinal cord segment, as defined by the level at which the dorsal (sensory) roots join the spinal cord; the designations of the spinal cord segments include C, cervical; T, thoracic; L, lumbar; and S, sacral (see caption Figure 1). Foerster’s lecture was advertised in Medical News, BMJ (October 8, 1932, 697) and was presented in the Anatomical Theater of London Hospital; with a capacity of 120–150 people, it is now known as the Milton Lecture Theater in the Garrod Building. The scope of this presentation astonished the audience: “It was a sensation when Foerster … was first to show such a perfect scheme of human dermatomes” (Zülch 1967). The subsequent publication was described as “the best documented paper on the extent of the spinal dermatomes that has appeared” (Jefferson 1941) and an “extremely valuable incidental study, made as a result of his therapeutic division of posterior roots” (de Gutiérrez-Mahoney 1941).
Impairment of wound healing by reactive skin decontamination lotion (RSDL®) in a Göttingen minipig® model
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2020
Jessica M. Connolly, Robert S. Stevenson, Roy F. Railer, Offie E. Clark, Kimberly A. Whitten, Robyn B. Lee-Stubbs, Dana R. Anderson
The dermatome-inflicted injuries in this study were partial-thickness, non-life threatening, allowed to heal via secondary intention, and located in the same anatomical area. The creation of a full thickness wound with underlying subcutaneous or musculature exposure that was then treated with RSDL would provide representation of its wound-healing effects when severe injuries are encountered and numerous tissue types are exposed. Injuries sustained on the battlefield or during a mass casualty in the time surrounding a chemical attack will likely involve numerous anatomical locations and expand across varying tissue depths. Elucidating RSDL’s effect on various musculoskeletal structures, in addition to the skin, will aid in subsequent wound-management strategies. This could furthermore be coupled with non-sterile wounding that would more closely match a traumatic injury in which contamination is inevitable.
Brachial plexitis: an unusual presentation in sickle cell disease
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
Mustafa Dawood, Justin McArthur, Abubakar Tauseef
This is a case of 61-year-old right-handed Caucasian woman with a known history of HbSS disease, being diagnosed on Gene testing, presented to the hospital with the complaint of acute onset of right upper extremity weakness and loss of sensation. Physical exam was remarkable for complete plegia in the flexors and extensors of the right arm, forearm, wrist, and fingers. There was also no volitional movement in the abductors and adductors of the right shoulder and fingers. Scapular winging was evident on the right side. There was loss of pinprick, light touch, vibration, and proprioception in all dermatomes on the right upper extremity. Biceps, triceps, and brachioradialis reflexes were absent, even with re-enforcement. The remainder of the neurologic exam was unremarkable. Investigations showed for Hemoglobin of 7.4 gm/dl, Hematocrit: 23.0, and platelet count: 143. Reticulocyte count: 1.10 and peripheral blood film showed sickle RBC, rest was unremarkable. Other investigations were unremarkable including ESR, CRP, and autoimmune profile including ANA, ANCA, anti-ds-DNA, RF, anti-Ro, anti-La, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin Ab, complement levels. Lyme disease, syphilis, hepatitis E, and HIV were also ruled out.