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Hydrogels with Ubiquitous Roles in Biomedicine and Tissue Regeneration
Published in Harishkumar Madhyastha, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Nanopharmaceuticals in Regenerative Medicine, 2022
Priyanka, Pooja A Chawla, Aakriti, Viney Chawla, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan, Bharti Sapra
In dentistry, root canal therapy (RCT) is commonly performed. During RCT, the removal of tender or necrotic dental pulp is carried out followed by replacement with a synthetic material. On the contrary, current investigations provide substantial data on the possibility of dental pulp and dentin engineering. As TE approach holds the promise to override conventional RCT, there is a need for customised scaffolds for the same. Various investigations in recent times have demonstrated the capability of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) along with a scaffold material to produce soft connective tissue, which is analogous to dental pulp (Cordeiro et al., 2008; Huang et al., 2010; Iohara et al., 2009; Nakashima and Iohara, 2011; Prescott et al., 2008; Sakai et al., 2010).
Clinical Progresses in Regenerative Dentistry and Dental Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
The first type of dental pulp stem cell was isolated from the human pulp tissue and termed as ‘post-natal’ Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) by Gronthos et al. 2000. The stem cell population in the pulp is tiny: approximately 1% of the total cells (Smith et al. 1995).
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes human dental pulp stem cells cultured in 3D porous chitosan scaffolds to neural differentiation
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Ke Zheng, Guijuan Feng, Jinlong Zhang, Jing Xing, Dan Huang, Min Lian, Wei Zhang, Wenli Wu, Yingzi Hu, Xiaohui Lu, Xingmei Feng
Neuroprotective treatments have been considered a vital method for many devastating neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including spinal cord injury (SCI), ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease. The complicated pathophysiologic mechanisms during neuroprotective treatment include the regeneration of neurons and glial cells, axonal extension [1]. Therefore, a new strategy to repair the injured nervous tissue structure and function remains a severe challenge. Stem cell transplantation, one of the promising approaches in recent studies, is becoming a feasible strategy for repairing the damaged nervous tissues. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have been focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a type of multipotent cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), with the accessible method, less ethical issues and low immunogenicity compared with other adult tissue sources, are a kind of promising and sustainable source. DPSCs possess odontogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic, adipogenic and myogenic differentiation abilities even though subculture or a long term of cryopreservation [2]. Since these cells are originated from neural crest, DPSCs have stronger neuro-ectodermal features [3]. For potential clinical application, some neurotrophic factors can promote neurogenic differentiation of DPSCs more effectively [4].
Osteogenic and odontogenic differentiation potential of dental pulp stem cells isolated from inflamed dental pulp tissues (I-DPSCs) by two different methods
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2020
Vellore Kannan Gopinath, S. Soumya, Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar
Metabolic activity indicating cell proliferation was in favour of OG method on day 3 of culture but was not very different between the methods on day 7. This indicates that I-DPSC isolated by the OG method proliferate faster and the reason for the decline in the metabolic activity on day 7 could be attributed to the over proliferation of the cells in the culture plate. This might have resulted in a lack of space for the cells to grow resulting in the reduction in the metabolic activity at day 7. Higher proliferation rate of I-DPSC observed in the OG methods has not been previously reported. However, dental pulp stem cells isolated from human third molars showed higher proliferation rate in digestion method when compared to outgrowth method [41]. Although, a direct comparison between the studies is not possible as the dental pulp stem cells have been harvested from different sources.
Towards osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells on PCL-PEG-PCL/zeolite nanofibrous scaffolds
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Mahdieh Alipour, Marziyeh Aghazadeh, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh, Zahra Vafajoo, Zahra Aghazadeh, Vahideh Raeisdasteh Hokmabad
Treatment of critical-sized bone defects due to trauma, tumor resection and congenital reasons is a major challenge for maxillofacial surgeons. The autografts are usually considered in these defects. However, the morbidity of the donor site and limited availability compromise the application of this method [8]. On the other hand, bone tissue engineering is a promising approach for bone reconstruction with fewer complications compared to autografts [9–11]. Tissue engineering is a combination of scaffolds, cells, and bioactive substance. The scaffold in bone tissue engineering should have biodegradability, biocompatibility and mechanical strength [12]. The nanoscale substrate in bone tissue engineering promotes cell migration, cell adhesion and proliferation [9]. The nanofibrous PCL-PEG-PCL scaffolds fabricated by electrospinning method have shown these properties which could replicate the natural extracellular matrix (ECM) [13,14]. These biodegradable scaffolds provide a suitable three-dimensional structure required for cell adhesion and cell delivery to specific sites [15]. Meanwhile, multipotent stem cells could differentiate into specific cell lineages [16]. Human dental pulp stem cells with a potential of odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation are one of the sufficient and available sources for tissue engineering [17,18]. These cells have proved to be more available and shown higher cell proliferation compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) [19].