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Bones and fractures
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
A diet deficient in calcium is associated with bone demineralisation. Theoretically, supplementation could help strengthen bones. A systematic review of RCTs found evidence of a small rise in BMD from either increased dietary calcium intake or supplementation.36 Over one to two years, BMD increased around 0.6 to 1.8%. The authors did not think this was likely to have a significant effect on reducing fracture risk. Calcium supplementation alone is not recommended for osteoporosis.
Reconstruction
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Nadir I. Osman, Karl H. Pang, Christopher R. Chapple
Chronic metabolic acidosis:Hydrogen ions are buffered in exchange for calcium.Demineralisation of bones (calcium lost in the urine).
Nutrients in Bamboo Shoots
Published in Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht, Bamboo Shoot, 2020
Nirmala Chongtham, Madho Singh Bisht
The shoots are labeled as a heart-protective vegetable because of its high content of potassium (K) that helps to maintain normal blood pressure and a steady heartbeat and is a vital electrolyte for sustaining fluid equilibrium in cells. High K intake has also other beneficial effects such as reducing the risk of stroke, preventing the development of renal vascular, glomerular and tubular damage, decreasing urinary calcium excretion, reducing the formation of kidney stones and demineralization of bones. Severe K deficiency or hypokalemia occurs when a person’s K levels fall below 3.6 mmol/L (Weiner et al. 2018). The K content in bamboo shoots ranges from 4190 to 6660 mg/100 g of f.w. (Table 3.2). Waikhom et al. (2013) explored 10 elements in 30-day-old shoots of 12 bamboo species and found that all bamboo shoots are rich in K and poor in sodium content. The K content ranged from 1310 to 3533 mg/100 g dry weight (d.w.), maximum in D. manipureanus and minimum in Schizostachyum dullooa. A higher range (2670–9630 mg/100 g d.w.) of K was recorded by Christian et al. (2015) in six species of Phyllostachys and Pseudosasa japonica whereas Karanja et al. (2016) observed higher K content in upper portions of Yushania alpina shoots (35,900 μg/g d.w.) compared to lower portions (27,600 μg/g d.w.).
Renal and Hepatic Disease: Cnidoscolus aconitifolius as Diet Therapy Proposal for Prevention and Treatment
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2021
Maria Lilibeth Manzanilla Valdez, Maira Rubi Segura Campos
The kidneys and the lungs are the main organs in charge of acid-base regulation. The sulfuric acid and the phosphoric acid that are generated in the metabolism of the proteins are eliminated from the organism by the kidney. In acidosis, the anion gap is usually increased by the accumulation of phosphate and sulfate anions. In the patient with CKD, moderate metabolic acidosis is common and stimulates bone demineralization, extracting Ca+2 and PO4−3 from bone, these minerals act as buffers for excess acid, to maintain chemical balance in the body. The consequences to other organs are secondary pulmonary hyperventilation and cardiac muscle atrophy. It has also been related to metabolic acidosis with decreased serum albumin levels and insulin resistance (18).
Remineralization potential and caries preventive efficacy of CPP-ACP/Xylitol/Ozone/Bioactive glass and topical fluoride combined therapy versus fluoride mono-therapy – a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2021
Shweta Sharda, Arpit Gupta, Ashima Goyal, Krishan Gauba
Dental caries is an easily preventable yet highly prevalent disease affecting individuals across all age groups [1]. The oral-cariogenic bacteria act on the dietary sugars to release acid that lowers the oral pH favouring demineralisation of the tooth surface. As soon as the salivary pH returns to normal, calcium and phosphate ions present in the oral environment maintain an overall mineral balance and promote remineralization of the tooth surface [2,3]. An imbalance in this demineralisation-remineralization process leads to development of new lesions or further progression of existing ones [4]. For many decades, the sole management of dental caries had been through a surgical approach involving restorations or endodontic therapy. Recently, there has been a paradigm shift to a more conservative and medical approach that focuses on preventive strategies at an early stage of demineralisation to avoid disease progression.
Influence of biofilm removal from the tooth-restoration interface on the progression of secondary caries lesions: a preliminary in vitro model study
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Cácia Signori, Tamires Timm Maske, Vitor Henrique Digmayer Romero, Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci
Another limitation of this study is the use of integrated hardness loss instead of transverse microradiography (TMR) as a study outcome. While TMR could provide more accurate results on the mineral content of lesions and the authors recognize the limitations of the method used to estimate mineral contents reliably, the literature indicates that integrated hardness loss may be used to analyze dental caries lesions because it provides direct evidence of the mechanical resilience of the demineralized enamel and dentin (Magalhães et al. 2009). In addition, the selection of specimens for the experiment was based on a visual inspection and teeth with enamel defects were excluded. No surface hardness measure was performed to screen the specimens, which could also imply a study limitation. However, the main outcome of the study was integrated demineralization and it was previously reported that surface hardness was uncorrelated with integrated mineral loss (Magalhães et al. 2009). Thus, the pre-exclusion of specimens with low surface hardness values probably would not have resulted in a different outcome.