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ExperimentaL Oral Medicine
Published in Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy, Handbook of Experimental Stomatology, 2020
Samuel Dreizen, Barnet M. Levy
In the newly infected cells, the first stage of virus replication was the formation of a single shell-like structure within the nucleus. Shortly thereafter, a second shell developed within the first. The inner shell contained large amounts of DNA and appeared to condense, forming a densely staining viral core that was present in most of the cytoplasmic viral particles. Virus particles were also located near the Golgi apparatus. Light types of cytoplasmic inclusions preceded the formation of the dark type. The dark type appeared to be a later stage or mature form of murine cytomegalovirus intracytoplasmic inclusion body and contained a greater number of virions than the light type. The findings point to the possibility of viral replication or maturation occurring within the cytoplasmic inclusion during the later stages of the infection.
The Pathogenesis and Pathology of the Hemorrhagic State in Viral and Rickettsial Infections
Published in James H. S. Gear, CRC Handbook of Viral and Rickettsial Hemorrhagic Fevers, 2019
Autopsies have demonstrated hemorrhages, encephalitis, and necrosis of hepatocytes, lymphoid tissues, renal tubules, testis, ovary, pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, and skin.101-105 The heart is dilated with interstitial edema, but without inflammatory cells or necrosis. Hemorrhages are severe in the stomach and intestines without an obvious source. Pulmonary, cutaneous, and mucous membrane hemorrhages are observed less frequently. The brain is grossly edematous with multifocal glial nodules and perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes and macrophages. Glial proliferation includes astrocytes and Oligodendroglia, in addition to infiltration by macrophages. Hepatocellular necrosis of single cells and groups of cells is of the coagulation or acidophilic type. Cytoplasmic inclusions are observed at the onset and peak of necrosis. Disintegration of necrotic cells results in the presence of basophilic nuclear fragments. Kupffer cells are prominent, engulf necrotic debris, and occasionally undergo necrosis also. Other hepatic alterations include fatty change, portal triaditis, and regenerative mitoses. Fibrin thrombi were observed in glomerular capillaries of the Johannesburg patient with documented DIC. It appears that DIC is a major pathogenic mechanism of hemorrhage in Marburg disease.
Cell Biology
Published in C.S. Sureka, C. Armpilia, Radiation Biology for Medical Physicists, 2017
The cytoplasm has three major elements, namely, (1) cytosol, (2) cytoplasmic inclusions, and (3) organelles. Cytosol is a clear, thick, jellylike material consisting of water, salts, and organic molecules. Cytoplasmic inclusions are small particles of insoluble substances, such as minerals, microtubules (the cell’s cytoskeleton), and lipid droplets (composed of lipids and proteins) present in the cytosol. Organelles (small organs) are sub-structures of the cell, which include mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes, vacuoles, and centrosomes.
Lipogenic stromal cells as members of the foam-cell population in human atherosclerosis: Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural assessment of 6 cases
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Yong-Xin Ru, Zhang Xue-Bin, Xiao-Ling Yan, Dong Shu-Xu, Zhang Yongqiang, Li Ying, Liu Jing, Brian Eyden
Throughout the following descriptions of the cells in the CAPs, it has been necessary to address the question of terminology in terms of using “foamy” cytoplasm, or “vacuolated” cytoplasm. Traditionally, foamy cytoplasm refers to the presence of clear, usually rounded inclusions in the cytoplasm. Mostly, these have been regarded as or shown to be of lipid, but in the case of foamy cytoplasm as seen in the H&E section of wax-embedded tissue, it is impossible to know whether the clear cytoplasmic inclusions are membrane-bound vacuoles or lipidic inclusions. Therefore, we have avoided the term “vacuolated cytoplasm” and have preferred “foamy cytoplasm” unless we have shown by Oil Red O staining or TEM a true lipid content. Sometimes the context of the discussion demanded use of the term, “foam cell/lipid-laden cell.”
Spinal cord involvement in Lewy body-related α-synucleinopathies
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Raffaele Nardone, Yvonne Höller, Francesco Brigo, Viviana Versace, Luca Sebastianelli, Cristina Florea, Kerstin Schwenker, Stefan Golaszewski, Leopold Saltuari, Eugen Trinka
Urinary frequency and incontinence are common and often early symptoms in MSA.64 In addition to pathology in Onuf’s nucleus and the area of the pontine micturition center,64,65 specific LCR pathology might contribute to urinary symptoms in MSA. Phosphorylated α-synuclein in the form of labeled neurites has been found in the LCR of MSA with prominent autonomic features, including urinary incontinence. The pathological, diffuse cytoplasmic phosphorylated α-synuclein, which is a common feature in MSA,66 was found in numerous medium-sized neurons in the LCR. Widespread glial cytoplasmic inclusions were detected in line with prior reports.67 Larger studies are necessary to assess whether the clinical features in the various subtypes of MSA correlate with the severity and type of pathology in the LCR.
Orbital malignant meningioma: a unique presentation of a rare entity
Published in Orbit, 2018
Dane H. Slentz, Sunil Bellur, M. Reza Taheri, M. Isabel Almira-Suarez, Jonathan H. Sherman, Tamer N. Mansour
Histology demonstrated a cellular tumor with brisk mitotic activity and bone invasion. Low-power examination revealed a predominately solid tumor, while high-power examination showed organization of tumor cells around fibrovascular cores and formation of tightly apposed papillae in over 50% of the tumor (Figure 3A). Focal areas of plump tumor cells with eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion-like structures were also seen (Figure 3B). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong reactivity to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) (Figure 3C) and vimentin (Figure 3D). Additional stains were negative for cytokeratins (CAM5.2 and AE1/AE3), napsin-A, TTF-1, myogenin, desmin, PR, and melanoma markers (melan A and HMB-45). A diagnosis of malignant papillary meningioma with focal rhabdoid features and bone invasion (WHO grade III) was established.