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Towards the Importance of Fenugreek Proteins
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Germination is of the primary seeds’ processes whose effect on fenugreek proteins is studied, owing to the consumption of germinated seeds as snacks in some countries like Egypt (El-Mansour & El-Adawy, 1994). Results showed that while having no effect on the total crude protein content, short-time germination (about 12 h) would decrease the amount of albumins and globulins in spite of the increase of glutelins and non-protein nitrogen. Moreover, it lowered the amount of essential amino acids (El-Mansour & El-Adawy, 1994). However, similar to the short-time germination, the prolonged process (5 days) decreased the amount of albumins, globulins, as well as prolamins, while it increased the glutelins and non-protein nitrogen levels (Abd El-Aal & Rahma, 1986). These trends in findings could be attributed to the various degrees of hydrolysis in proteins by proteolytic enzymes during germination. This conclusion is in agreement with observation of various dissociated proteins bands with slightly higher mobility by Abd El-Aal and Rahma (1986).
Reproductive Efficiency in Dairy Cows: Change in Trends!
Published in Juan Carlos Gardón, Katy Satué, Biotechnologies Applied to Animal Reproduction, 2020
Ana Heras-Molina, José Luis Pesantez Pacheco, Susana Astiz
Proteins and their metabolites are also being studied for their relationship with reproductive performance. Proteins are important for the optimal reproduction of the cow, since proteins, or more specifically amino acids are needed for the proper oocyte development (Bach, 2019). It has be seen that reproductive performance can be impaired if the protein intake exceeds the cow’s requirements (62 vs. 48% of conception rate with diets with 13–14% or 15–19% of crude protein, respectively) (Yasothai, 2014). However, the effect on fertility of low protein intake has been less studied. It is known that short-term protein deficiencies can be met by body reserves, but long-term deficiencies can lead to a NEB that is detrimental to reproductive performance. Also, adequate protein intake is vital to the proper functioning of the reproductive organs and the development of the fetus (Fahar et al., 2018). Thus, the better understanding of the relation between protein levels in diet and fertility has led to a better formulation, and an improvement of fertility during the last decades.
Resources along the Silk Road in Central Asia: Lagochilus inebrians Bunge (Turkestan Mint) and Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa)
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Oimahmad Rahmonov, David E. Zaurov, Buston S. Islamov, Sasha W. Eisenman
Alfalfa is grown on ~45 million ha worldwide (Mielmann, 2013). As fodder, it is valued as a good source of slow-release carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins (Tharanathan and Mahadevamma, 2003; Hao et al., 2008). It contains between 15% and 22% crude protein on a dry matter basis, as well as macro and trace elements and all fat and water-soluble vitamins (Adapa et al., 2007). Alfalfa is a valuable source of vitamins A and E. It contains beta-carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, folic acid, choline, inositol, pyridoxine, vitamin B12, and vitamin K (Aganga and Tshwenyane, 2003). Furthermore, alfalfa hay has a higher mineral content than grains like maize and wheat (Morrison, 1961).
Effect of adding Dunaliella algae to fish diet on lead acetate toxicity and gene expression in the liver of Nile tilapia
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Sabreen Ezzat Fadl, Nagwan El-Habashi, Doaa Mohammed Gad, Walaa Mohammed Elkassas, Zizy Ibrahim Elbialy, Doaa Hosny Abdelhady, Sayed Mohammed Hegazi
Three samples from diets at the beginning, middle, and end of the experiment respectively as grab sample from the feedstocks and Dunaliella sample have been collected for proximate analysis. Feed samples were stored at −4 °C for later analysis. A total of 30 fish were sampled at the end of the experiment (five fish from three replicates of each group) for proximate composition. All fish samples were stored at −4 °C until used for proximate analysis. The official methods of AOAC (2000) were used for determination of the dry matter, ash, crude protein, and ether extract. Dry matter was determined by oven-drying at 105 °C until accessing constant weight. Crude protein (N 9 6.25) was determined by the Kjeldahl method after acid hydrolysis, and crude lipid was determined by the ether extraction method using a Soxhlet extractor. Ash was analyzed by incinerating samples at 600 °C overnight in a muffle furnace.
The effects of aflatoxin residues on nutritional contents in ground red chili peppers (Capsicum annuum)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2020
Ozgur Kuzukiran, Ayhan Filazi, Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen, Gorkem Ozansoy-Cengiz, Ismayil Safa Gurcan, Ercan Karabulut, Ufuk Tansel Sireli
Moisture, total ash, crude fiber, crude oil, crude protein, and total carbohydrate content were determined by official standard methods and expressed in percentages (AOAC 1998). Moisture was determined by calculating the weight loss of the sample dried for 5 h in an oven heated to 105 °C. The total ash content was measured by incinerating the 2 g sample in a 550 °C oven for 6 h and then weighed the residue after cooling to room temperature in a desiccator. The crude oil content was determined by continuous extraction for 6 h on a Soxhlet device using petroleum ether. The crude protein content was calculated from the nitrogen content using the Kjeldahl method (N × 6.25). Carbohydrate content was determined by subtracting the mean values of the other parameters from 100. Thus, calculated as (carbohydrate %) = 100 − (moisture% + total ash% + crude protein% + crude oil %). Crude fiber content was determined by the addition of soluble and insoluble fractions according to the enzymatic-gravimetric method. Metabolizable energy values were calculated using the formula below (Aremu et al.2011, Ogunlade et al.2012).
Interaction between leptin and glutamatergic system on food intake regulation in neonatal chicken: role of NMDA and AMPA receptors
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2020
Amin Adeli, Morteza Zendehdel, Vahab Babapour, Negar Panahi
A total of 396 male broiler one-day-old chickens (Ross 308) purchased from a local hatchery (Mahan Co., Iran). Birds were kept as flocks for 2 days then randomly transferred into individual cages at a temperature of 30 ± 1 °C with 50 ± 2 percent humidity [18]. A commercial diet was offered during the study containing 21 percent crude protein and 2850 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy (Chineh Co., Iran) (Table 1). All birds had free access to food and fresh water during the study. Three hours before the ICV injection, chicken were food deprived but had free access to water. The injections were applied to all birds at 5 days of age. Animal handling and experimental procedures were performed according to the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory animals by the National Institute of Health (USA) and the current laws of the Iranian government for animal care (no. 265472100).