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Circadian Rhythm
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
The primary methods of the biological timekeeping structure and the possible outcomes of their non-fulfilment are among the problems described by scientists in the area of chronobiology. In its vast sense, the field of chronobiology encircles all research domains concentrating on circadian timing, including high oscillatory cycles (e.g. secretions of hormones taking place in well-defined pulses throughout the day), regular cycles (i.e. rest and movement cycles) and yearly or monthly cycles (i.e. reproductive cycles). Amid these interconnected fields of chronobiology, the areas of frequency or regular cycles are recognised as circadian rhythms. Practically all biological organisms, including fish, fungi, microbes, plants, mice, humans and fruit flies, demonstrate circadian patterns (Vitaterna et al., 2001).
What Actually Is Sleep?
Published in Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman, Sleep and Women's Health, 2019
Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman
Professor Till Roenneberg, an expert in chronobiology (a scientific field that studies cyclic phenomena in living organisms and their correspondence with the rhythms of the sun and the moon,) who is involved in the project, explains, “Internal time is highly individual, and all the bodily functions operate with highs and lows throughout the day and night. There are people who, if they could, would go to sleep at 8 p.m. and wake up at 4 a.m. and others who would go to sleep at 8 a.m. and wake up at 3 p.m. The problem is that society forces us all to live according to external conventions.”
The impact of treatment and other clinical and community health interventions: A ‘does it work?’ evaluation
Published in Milos Jenicek, Foundations of Evidence-Based Medicine, 2019
As mentioned in Chapter 1, chronobiology has resulted in new advances in the understanding of circadian rhythms, these being of particular importance in sick individuals. The new domain of chronotherapy enhances effectiveness of treatment modalities by adjusting the timing and potency of treatments to physiological and pathological biorhythmicity. These considerations should be respected in preparing clinical trials and in making therapeutic decisions in practice, wherever this knowledge is available and relevant. Recent findings show how useful these refinements are, for example, in the use of asthma and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for arthritis control.113,114
Evening chronotype, insufficient weekday sleep, and weekday-weekend gap in sleep times: What is really to blame for a reduction in self-perceived health among university students?
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Arcady A. Putilov, Dmitry S. Sveshnikov, Zarina V. Bakaeva, Elena B. Yakunina, Yuri P. Starshinov, Vladimir I. Torshin, Elena A. Trutneva, Michael M. Lapkin, Zhanna N. Lopatskaya, Eugenia O. Gandina, Natalya V. Ligun, Alexandra N. Puchkova, Vladimir B. Dorokhov
Research in the fields of sleep science and chronobiology distinguishes two distinct chronotypes: morning and evening (e.g. Adan 1994; Horne and Östberg 1976). Our work/study culture is biased towards the circadian clocks of the former types, and, in particular, working and school start times are traditionally set too early. In order to get to work/study, the latter types are forced to sacrifice a larger amount of sleep on weekdays than the former types. Although the association of poor self-perceived health with evening types and late sleep timing was reported (Mito et al. 2021; Yeo et al. 2022), little is known about its contribution to a larger weekday sleep insufficiency in evening types compared to morning types. Although the association of evening types with poorer health can simply be a consequence of the proneness of these types to unhealthy behavior (Fernando et al. 2022; Makarem et al. 2020; Merikanto et al. 2012; Patterson et al. 2016), one of the recently reported results suggested that both scheduled day sleep duration and chronotype play their significant roles in shaping health outcomes (Maultsby et al. 2022).
History of Drosophila neurogenetic research in South Korea
Published in Journal of Neurogenetics, 2023
Greg S. B. Suh, Kweon Yu, Young-Joon Kim, Yangkyun Oh, Joong-Jean Park
Joonho Choe and colleagues at KAIST also screened these EP lines to isolate circadian mutants. They identified various novel genes including twenty-four that promotes the translation of the key circadian clock gene period (Lim et al., 2011) and clockwork orange, which amplifies circadian transcription and rhythmic behaviors (Lim et al., 2007). Chunghun Lim currently at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology expanded the scope of this research to include sleep and arousal. Another fly group at Ajou University headed by Eun Young Kim carried out studies on chronobiology with a particular focus on post-translational modification of core clock proteins such as CLOCK and PERIOD (Cho et al., 2019; Kim et al., 2012). In this issue, Lim and colleagues present an interesting story about how light-induced arousal in Drosophila is gated by circadian clocks.
Cardiovascular research and the arrival of circadian medicine
Published in Chronobiology International, 2023
Tami A. Martino, Brian P. Delisle
The journal Chronobiology International was launched in 1984 by co-Editors-in-Chief Alain Reinberg and Michael Smolensky as a visionary step forward for the emerging science of chronobiology (Reinberg and Smolensky 1984). The first issue included many studies relevant to human health including cardiovascular disease, neurobiology, cancer, bone growth, metabolic pathways, as well as cosinor bioinformatics programs for the Apple II microcomputer, and several papers on other organisms. Over the decades, it has become the leading journal of biological and medical rhythm research. As of 2023, there are now 40 volumes of Chronobiology International, and the importance of applying circadian biology to clinical medicine has become increasingly apparent. The published papers encompass a wide range of clinical conditions, incorporate the latest state-of-the-art technologies, challenge us to better understand human physiology and pathophysiology, and apply our circadian research as a basis for new treatments for disease.