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Dietary Fiber and Coronary Heart Disease
Published in Robert E.C. Wildman, Richard S. Bruno, Handbook of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, 2019
Thunder Jalili, Eunice Mah, Denis M. Medeiros, Robert E.C. Wildman
Cellulose is known to be the most abundant organic molecule on Earth. The molecular structure is similar to amylose in that it is made up of repeating units of the hexose glucose. However, again, the linkages will be 1–4 in nature. Cellulose is produced as a component of the plant cell wall by an enzyme complex called cellulose synthase. Once cellulose chains are formed, they quickly assemble with other cellulose molecules and form microfibrils that strengthen the cell wall. Cellulose, along with certain other fibers (hemicellulose and pectin) and proteins, is found within the matrix between the cell wall layers. This concept is somewhat similar to connective tissue matrix found within bone, tendons, and ligaments in humans. Hemicellulose is different from cellulose in that its monomers are heterogeneous. Hemicellulose will contain varied amounts of pentose and hexose covalently bound in a 1–4 linkage, as well as some branching side chains. Some of the more common and familiar monosaccharides in hemicelluloses are xylose, mannose, and galactose (Figure 10.2). Other monosaccharide subunits include arabinose and 4-O-methyl glucuronic acids.
Design, synthesis and antifungal activity of threoninamide carbamate derivatives via pharmacophore model
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2020
Xiu-Jiang Du, Xing-Jie Peng, Rui-Qi Zhao, Wei-Guang Zhao, Wei-Li Dong, Xing-Hai Liu
However, it was still unknown that the structure of cellulose synthases in the Oomycete plant pathogen. Blum et al.13,14 reported that both mutations in the PiCesA3 gene of P. infestans result in a change to the same amino acid (glycine-1105) in the protein and the mutations in PiCesA3 were responsible for the mandipropamid insensitivity phenotype. The resistance mutants of some pathogens to CAA fungicides has been elucidated in recent reports15,16. However, purified protein of Oomycete of cellulose synthase is not available. In recent reference, her group17 built a modelling of the P. capsici cellulose synthase 3. In our previous work18–35, many bioactive compounds were designed and synthesised. In this paper, based on the structure of seven commercialised CAA fungicides, we found that they have similar structural fragments: amide bond, para-substituted phenyl, 3,4-dialkyloxy substituted phenyl. Only valinamide carbamates have two result fragments, so we established a pharmacophore model. The dialkyloxybenzene substructures were introduced into threoninamidecarbamates and designed the title compounds.