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Beneficial Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Catherina Caballero-George, Natural Products and Cardiovascular Health, 2018
Estela Guerrero De León, Mahabir Prashad Gupta, Juan Antonio Morán-Pinzón
A recent publication by Roy et al. (2015), indicates that the antiarrhythmic effect of DHA is related to the non-enzymatic oxidation carried out by ROS, where neuroprostanes are generated. These mediators are recognized biomarkers of oxidative stress and therefore would be expected to have a harmful effect. However, these researchers demonstrated experimentally that neuroprostanes, primarily 4RS-4F4t-neuroprostane and 10(S)-10-F4t-neuroprostane, can regulate the function of the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), decreasing calcium efflux from the sarcoplasmic reticulum leading to a reduction in calcium sparks and the risk of arrhythmias (Roy et al., 2015). Under this premise, it would be expected that in chronic conditions of oxidative stress, which are common in cardiovascular diseases (ischemia, atherosclerosis, AMI, cardiac post-surgery, etc.) (Luscher, 2015; Islam et al., 2016; Yalta and Yalta, 2018), ω-3 PUFAs generate the production of neuroprostanes which participate in the antiarrhythmic effects induced by these fatty acids.
Usefulness of Triglyceride-glucose index for detecting prevalent atrial fibrillation in a type 2 diabetic population
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2022
Wenrui Shi, Mu Qin, Shaohui Wu, Kai Xu, Qidong Zheng, Xu Liu
As the pathophysiological nature of type II diabetes, insulin resistance (IR) has been identified to associate with AF in both clinical and laboratory studies. Early studies have revealed the association between metabolic syndrome, characterized by high IR levels, and the prevalent AF [5,6]. A recent study demonstrated that a higher homeostasis model assessment of IR was independently associated with the development of AF [7]. Furthermore, a study displayed that IR level was associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation [8]. Consistent with the findings from clinical studies, a laboratory study has shown that IR could lead to an increased vulnerability of atrial myocyte to AF through increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content, enhancing diastolic calcium sparks, prolonging calcium transient duration, reducing conduction velocity, and facilitating repetitive ectopic focal discharge [9]. The above studies suggest the potential of monitoring the IR level to improve the detection of early-stage AF. However, the current gold standard of IR, euglycemic insulin clamp, requires specific equipment which is always unavailable in the primary care settings [10]. Therefore, an easy-acquired and cost-effective surrogate of IR is needed to improve the detection of early-stage AF.