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HIV
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Jenani Jayakumaran, William R. Short
HIV primarily infects T lymphocytes that express the CD4 antigen, resulting in a progressive loss of these cells and impairment of cellular immunity as well as humoral immunity. When CD4 lymphocytes are sufficiently depleted there is the progression to AIDS, characterized by the development of opportunistic infections and malignancies.
Skin disorders in AIDS, immunodeficiency, and venereal disease
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Indrashis Podder, Rashmi Sarkar
The virus incapacitates the T-helper lymphocytes, thus preventing the proper functioning of the cell-mediated immune response. It uses the CD4 antigen as its receptor and employs the T-cell’s genomic apparatus to replicate, destroying the cell as it does so. It can also infect reticuloendothelial cells (including Langerhans cells) and B-lymphocytes.
Treatment of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Anti-CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies
Published in Thomas F. Kresina, Monoclonal Antibodies, Cytokines, and Arthritis, 2020
Christian Herzog, Wolfgang Müller, Christoph Walker, Werner J. Pichler
The cell analysis data show that infusion of 10 mg anti-CD4 antibody induced a transient and not complete elimination of CD4-positive cells from the peripheral blood. Mainly the CD4 CDw29+ T cell subset was diminished, which is interesting, as this subset is overrepresented in synovial fluid of patients with RA (6). The residual CD4 cells were coated by the infused antibody without modulation of the CD4 antigen. Besides T cells, monocytes were also diminished by anti-CD4 treatment. In one patient the synovial fluid cells could be also analyzed after MAb treatment and were found to be CD4-antibody coated (data not shown).
Monoclonal antibodies used for the management of hemataological disorders
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2022
Kanjaksha Ghosh, Kinjalka Ghosh
This is a human monoclonal antibody directed toward CD4 antigen of T lymphocytes. Apart from its use to create immunosuppression for various diseases, this antibody has been used for resistant cutaneous T cell lymphoma/Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. This drug proved quite effective in these conditions [77,78]. Recently, the company discontinued the marketing of this drug for portfolio adjustments.
DEC-205 receptor-mediated long-circling nanoliposome as an antigen and Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide delivery system enhances the immune response via facilitating dendritic cells maturation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2020
Haibo Feng, Xiaonong Yang, Jing Fan, Linzi Zhang, Qianqian Liu, Dongkun Chai
T lymphocyte subsets serve a significant role in immune responses (Malin et al., 2020; Sánchez et al., 2020). The CD3+ antigen serves as a T-lymphocytes biomarker. T lymphocytes can be categorized as T helper lymphocytes and inhibitor lymphocytes (Bellesoeur et al., 2020). The CD4+ antigen serves as a T helper lymphocyte marker, and it also induces antibody secretion from B cells. The CD8+ antigen, a T lymphocyte surface marker, can reflect cellular immune response. In an enhanced humoral immune response, the CD4+ cells count increases, and CD8+ cell count decreases, whereas the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio increases (Piris et al., 2020). Thus, the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio regulates the activation and inhibition of the immune system (Arroyo & Pello, 2020; He et al., 2020). In the current study, as depicted in Figure 10, the frequency of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio increased substantially in the anti-DEC-205-EUPS-OVA-LPSM treated group as compared to the other groups. The CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes counts, and the CD4+ to CD8+ ratio in the EUPS-OVA-LPSM groups was remarkably higher than the EUPS-OVA, EUPS, LPSM, OVA, EUPS-alum, and naive groups. The results in the EUPS-OVA group was significantly higher than the OVA, EUPS, LPSM, EUPS-alum, and naive groups. Conversely, the CD8+ T lymphocytes level in the anti-DEC-205-EUPS-OVA-LPSM groups was considerably lower than the other groups. The data revealed that both the anti-DEC-205-EUPS-OVA-LPSM group and the EUPS-OVA-LPSM group could partially promote the immune response by selectively increasing the T cell subsets in immunized mice. The anti-DEC-205-EUPS-OVA-LPSM nanoliposomes demonstrated a more significant effect than the EUPS-OVA-LPSM. This suggests that the DEC-205 receptor-targeted nanoliposome can enhance the efficacy of EUPS-OVA-LPSM delivery to the T cell subsets.