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Bromelains
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Bromelain is a protease enzyme derived from the stems of pineapples that is composed of a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components like phosphatase, glucosidase, peroxidase, cellulase, escharase, and several protease inhibitors. It works by selectively inhibiting the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and also has analgesic properties, as well as possible anti-cancerous and pro-apoptotic effects. Bromelain has potential therapeutic value as a treatment for angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and osteoarthritis. It is available as an anti-inflammatory drug in France for musculoskeletal disorders and is also employed as food supplement (1).
Potential Significance of Proteases
Published in Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Megh R. Goyal, Masood Sadiq Butt, Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants, 2019
Marwa Waheed, Muhammad Bilal Hussain, Sadia Hassan, Mohammad Ali Shariati, Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
Bromelain is a protein hydrolyzing enzyme and is present in the stems and immature fruit of pineapple as a crude and aqueous extract. Stem bromelain had been utilized in different processes of food industries, for example, baking processes, tenderization of meat, beer clarification, prevention from fruit juice browning, and production of hydrolysates of protein. Likewise, bromelain has been used for softening and pretanning of skin in leather industries. It is used for the treatment of acute inflammation and sports injuries and is also easily available for the pharmacies of USA and Europe as well as for food stores concerned with public health.18 This plant enzyme is also used for treating few malignant diseases, inflammatory, and blood coagulation related diseases.81
Metabolic Approaches to the Treatment of Back Pain
Published in Kohlstadt Ingrid, Cintron Kenneth, Metabolic Therapies in Orthopedics, Second Edition, 2018
Carrie Diulus, Patrick Hanaway
Bromelain is derived from both the stem and the pineapple fruit. In Europe, it is approved for both oral and topical use. In the US, however, it is not FDA approved and is classified as a supplement. The mechanism of action is through the kallikrein–kinin pathway-lowering plasmakinin (bradykinin) at inflammatory sites and lowers prostaglandin E2. Via the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway, it increases platelet-derived cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). It has immunomodulatory effects on T cells by inhibiting T cell signal transduction. It was shown at a dosage of 90 mg in long bone fractures to significantly reduce pain and swelling and accelerate healing compared to treatment with standard NSAIDs [65].
Enzymatic debridement: past, present, and future
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2022
Ignace De Decker, Liesl De Graeve, Henk Hoeksema, Stan Monstrey, Jozef Verbelen, Petra De Coninck, Els Vanlerberghe, Karel E. Y. Claes
Selective and fast enzymatic debridement—performed before the development of the prolonged inflammatory/infectious processes—preserves the still vital tissue, in particular the dermis with its collagen matrix and epithelial cellular elements. Enzymatic debridement optimally prepares the dermal wound bed for epithelial proliferation and migration, which can usually take several weeks, nevertheless often with good functional and aesthetic results. Some authors, therefore, allowed mixed depth burns to maximize their spontaneous epithelialization potential, but areas that were not closed in ∼3 weeks were subsequently grafted anyway [19,27]. Since spontaneous epithelialization in a highly inflammatory wound bed is different from epithelialization in a moderately inflammatory wound bed, future research should focus on questioning the 21 day golden rule of wound closure after enzymatic debridement [95]. This was also reflected in the German consensus meeting [20], where it was stated that, if re-epithelization of the wound cannot be achieved within 21 days, small residual defects can be treated using the continuous conservative application of topical corticosteroids. Larger residual defects, however, should in their opinion still be treated using a secondary split-skin graft to reduce the risk of instable scar formation during healing. More data from different sources and a basic study on bromelain inflammation modulation potential are needed.
Green isolation and physical modification of pineapple stem waste starch as pharmaceutical excipient
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Annisa Rahma, Melissa Adriani, Puji Rahayu, Raymond R. Tjandrawinata, Heni Rachmawati
Pineapple stem waste has been utilized as a source of chemicals including ehthanol, citric acid, hydrogen gas, antidying agent, antioxidant compound, antimicrobial compound, and bromelain [3]. Pineapple stem waste has been known mainly as a source of bromelain, a protein-digesting enzyme. Isolation of bromelain from pineapple stem has been reported in a number of studies [3–5]. After bromelain extraction from pineapple stem waste, more than 98% of the residue can be utilized [5]. In addition to bromelain, pineapple stem also contains starch, a material that has drawn considerable interest in pharmaceutical formulation. Furthermore, similar to bromelain, the starch in pineapple plant is mainly deposited within the stem [6]. Since bromelain and starch are both used in pharmaceutical dosage form, the waste management can be more efficient. However, pineapple stem starch is still under-explored. Nakhtong et al. [7] has reported physical characteristics of native pineapple stem starch, including gelatinization behavior and pasting properties. Until recently, pineapple stem starch has not been explored in solid drug dosage forms.
Bromelain plus peroxidase reduces non-Hodgkin lymphoma progression in invivo via up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes and modulating apoptotic protein expression
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Rahul Debnath, Debabrata Majumder, Priyatosh Nath, Durgadas Ghosh, Debasish Maiti
Development of cancer is one of the critical and multistep processes which involved mutation in genetic code, abnormal gene regulation, environmental factors like exposure of different carcinogenic agents, etc. The risk of cancer is increased with age. Different kinds of anticancer drugs are available in the markets for cancer patients. They are given to the individual in combination of more than one chemotherapeutic drug like 5-florouracil, etc. (21). But these drugs have several side effects in the patient’s body and destroy the normal cells. Different types of plant based materials like flavonoids and different enzymes play an important role in cancer by preventing DNA damage and by increasing the antioxidant level in human body with much lesser amount of side effects (22). Recently different types of phytochemical compounds isolated from different plant parts are used in vitro and in vivo to prevent different types of disease like cancer. Pineapple is one of the common edible tropical fruit which contains different types of important enzymes. Bromelain, a protease enzyme present in pineapple. Pineapple juice contain other different types of enzymes along with bromelain, like peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, etc. and it is established that bromelain have anticancer activity against different cancers. But there is less reports are available that the activity of bromelain along with peroxidase from pineapple juice against T-cell lymphoma. In our previous report we also found that, acetone precipitation of pineapple extract contains bromelain along with peroxidase which was confirmed by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method (15).